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- Charles is a diabetic with Alzheimer's disease and often forgets whether he has injected insulin or not. He is in the emergency room today because of heart abnormalities and is found to have hypoinsulinemia. You would also expect his blood analysis to show: A. hypokalemia B. hyperkalemiaCC was taken to hospital breathing but unresponsive after two days of heavy alcohol consumption and limited food intake. According to CC's past medical history they had a history of chronic alcohol addiction and fatty liver disease. Analysis of CC's serum glucose returned a value of < 20 mg/dL, indicating severe hypoglycemia. The attending physician prescribed a bolus of D-glucose to help re-establish CC's blood glucose to within normal bounds. Analysis of the CC's serum electrolytes and PaCCh was suggestive of metabolic acidosis. Analysis of CC's blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC's case, what can cause metabolic acidosis?A person is suspected with diabetes mellitus. He checks his blood glucose level by gluceose oxidase method. After the experiment, OD of his blood sample was obtained as 0.08. Based on the glucose standard curve seen in the virtual lab, calculate his blood glucose level. Is he had diabetes mellitus? (Note: Normal blood glucose level in our body is 70-110mg/dl).
- Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…The information of Subject A is as follows Gender Age Height WeightFemale 28 160cm 153lb (a) Define basal metabolism. Estimate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) of Subject A (state how you estimate it). (b) Calculate the Body mass index (BMI) of Subject A. What is the weight classification of Subject A? Based on the BMI calculated, give detailed recommendations for this subject to become healthier and explain. (c) Subject A chose to have stir-fried beef & spinach for her lunch to increase the iron intake and thus lower the risk of iron deficiency. Suggest why she will choose this dish? (Support the answer with data). Explain if there is any difference between the iron source in beef and spinach.a. What are the advantages of the glucose peroxidase method of determining blood sugar? b. The principle of spectrophotometer is is based on _____ law. c. Differenciate hyperglycemia from hypoglycemia.
- The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose.a) Discuss the antagonistic actions of the hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels within a narrow physiological range.Indicate whether the following sentences is True or False: During prolonged starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the formation of acetyl-CoA exceeds oxaloacetate supply, forming ketone bodies Hypoglycaemia may be observed in Cushing syndrome patients The range of albuminuria that is considered as a reversible and treatable is 30 – 300 mg/24hr (20 – 200 μg/min) Urea is the major nitrogen-containing metabolic product of protein catabolism in humans, accounting for > 75% of the nonprotein nitrogen eventually excreted GLUT5 is found in small intestine and other organs to transport fructoseYou are an endocrinologist in a Diabetes Centre, and a 38 year-old person who has no signs (symptoms) for diabetes arrived to your clinic, but when you checked his fasting blood sugar (FBS) level, it was132 mg/dL (7.3 mmol/L). Based in these results, does this result indicate normal blood glucose? Explain What should you then do for/ recommend this person?
- An unresponsive client who has diabetes is brought to the emergency department with rapid, deep respirations. Additional findings include: blood glucose 24.9 mmol/L, arterial pH 7.2 and urinalysis showing presence of ketones and glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the underlying cause of this patient’s presentation? Question 64 options: a) Relative insulin deficiency, causing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction and acidosis b) Nocturnal elevation of growth hormone resulting in hyperglycemia in the morning c) Absolute insulin deficiency, increased counter-regulatory hormone, lipolysis and free fatty acid release d) Hypoglycemia causes release of glucagon, resulting in glycogenolysis and hyperglycemiaThe presence of compounds in urine, depending on the level or range, are indications of underlying disorders. Using glucose as an example, what does the presence of this compound in the urine indicate? And after seeing this compound consecutively in the result, what would be the best course of action to take?Anita has been feeling extremely tired, shaky, and confused. Her doctor has diagnosed her with low blood sugar (glucose). Discuss why Anita is experiencing these symptoms and what would happen if her blood sugar levels fell to zero.
