Which of the following processes are spontaneous?(a) Earth moves around the Sun. (b) A boulder rolls up a hill. (c) Sodium metal and chlorine gas form solid sodium chloride

Q: What is the advantage of calculating free energy changesrather than entropy changes to determine…

A: The entropy change of the system depends upon the randomness. As the randomness of the system…

Q: You are studying the decomposition of CaCO3(s). CaCO:(s) → Cao(s) + CO2(g) ) At what temperature…

A: Given reaction:  Decomposition of CaCO3(s)

Q: The combustion of gasoline is a spontaneous process. If this reaction proceeds spontaneously, why…

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Q: 6. At a constant pressure the following reaction is exothermic: 2 NOe) → N;Oe)- Which of the…

A: 2 NO2(g) ---> N2O4(g) This Reaction is exothermic (at constant pressure ). The reaction is…

Q: Which of these processes are spontaneous? (a) Earth moves around the Sun. (b) A boulder rolls up a…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between systems…

Q: Classify the following processes as spontaneous or non spontaneous

A: Process are categorised as spontaneous if they are naturally occurring without any external force

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous?(a) Methane burns in air. (b) A teaspoonful of…

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Q: Read the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the…

A: For a process to be spontaneous ΔG should be negative. and ΔG=ΔH-TΔS For exothermic reaction ΔH is…

Q: For a process with AH 0 O Never. O AE > 0 O AS > 0

A: A reaction is said to proceed spontaneously at any temperature if the enthalpy decreases and the…

Q: SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4 Is this chemical reaction spontaneous or non- spontaneous? Fast or slow?

A: The importance of Gibbs energy is that it gives information about the spontaneity of the reaction or…

Q: Which of the following combinations of signs for AH and AS will always result in a reaction being…

A: The importance of Gibbs energy is that it gives information about the spontaneity of the reaction or…

Q: Which processes are spontaneous at room temperature? Mark all that apply. O Helium mixing with the…

A: Out of the given options first three are spontaneous process at room temperature.

Q: Which of the following processes is spontaneous? A) Heat coming out of an open oven. B) A puddle…

A: Spontaneous processes are those processes which donot need any external force to occur .  Ex.  A)…

Q: In photosynthesis, plants form glucose (C,H1206) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Write a…

A: The balanced equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)→hvC6H12O6(s)+6O2(g) Determination of…

Q: Which of the following is a spontaneous process at atmospheric pressure? A. Water freezing at room…

A: Spontaneity of a process is define by the Gibbs free energy of reaction.

Q: How does entropy predict the spontaneity of any process in the environment?

A: The measurement of the disorderedness of the system is defined as entropy. For example; the melting…

Q: Under what conditions does an increase in temperature turn a nonspontaneous process into a…

A: For a spontaneous reaction, ∆G (change in Gibbs free energy) must be negative.

Q: 8. A reaction has AH° = 100 kJ/mol and AS°=250 J/mol-K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room…

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Q: (a) Using the heat of vaporization in Appendix B, calculatethe entropy change for the vaporization…

A: a) First calculate the entropy change of the given process at 25oC Given, The temperature of the…

Q: 2 NH3 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → N20 (g) + 3 H20 (g) Is this reaction spontaneous only at low temperatures,…

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Q: Is the formation of ozone (O,(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) spontaneous at room temperature under standard…

A: Spontaneity of a reaction is decided by the sign of ∆G° of reaction.

Q: What are the criteria for spontaneity in terms of entropy

A: The criteria for spontaneity in terms of entropy has to be determined.

Q: What is the precise definition of entropy?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic state function that determines randomness in a system.  When we raise…

Q: Can a process be spontaneous at one temperature and nonspontaneous at a different temperature?

A: Thermodynamics can be used to explain the spontaneity of a reaction.

Q: If the AH = 287 kJ/mol and AS = 57 J/K mol for a nonspontaneous reaction, at what temperature does…

A: Thermodynamics is branch of chemistry in which we deal with amount of heat evolved or absorbed by…

Q: 12. For a particular chemical reaction ΔΗ= 6.8 kJ and A--29 JK. Under what temperature condition Is…

A: Enthalpy of the given reaction is defined as the difference in the enthalpy of reactants and…

Q: Which of the following combinations of signs for AH and AS will result in a reaction being non-…

A: The spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined by calculating the change of free energy of the…

Q: For the following decomposition reaction of ozone, O3 to form oxygen, O2. 2O3(g) →3O2(g) a)…

A: For a reaction to take place, some amount of energy is required. This energy is required to do work,…

Q: 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) -4 NO (g) + 6 HzO (g) ArHo = -906 kJ For the reaction above, predict the sign…

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Q: Consider a process which has ΔSuniv > 0 at 25°C. Which of the following statements is/are always…

A: Given that : We have to identify which of the following statements is/are always true : I) The…

Q: The change in free energy enables us to determine whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously. How…

A: Free energy is the net energy that can be used to do maximum work in a closed system . Gibbs free…

Q: For bioenergetics. a spontaneous process means O AHO >0 O AGO >0 O As° <o O two of the choices O AG°…

A: ∆G = ∆H - T∆S Where, ∆G is the Gibbs free energy ∆H is the change in enthalpy T is the temperature…

Q: 8e. Consider the following reaction: CacO3 (s) → Cao (s) + CO2 (g) Data: A,H = +177.5 kJ mol1 AS =…

A: Given: To find: The temperature of the spontaneous reaction Formula: Where is the entropy  is…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous andwhich are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: Is the entropy of a bag of popcorn greater than, less than, or equal to the entropy ofthe kernels of…

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Q: Nitric oxide reacts with chlorine to form NOCI. The data refer to 298 K. 2NO(g) + Cl2(3) → 2NOC(g)…

A: The standard Gibb's free energy change of a reaction at 298 K can be calculated by the following…

Q: 17. For the reaction: A + B C AH°= +45 kJ/mol and AS° = +60 J/K.mol. At what temperature will this…

A: For the reaction: A + B  →C ∆H°= +45 kJ/mol ∆S° = +60 J/K.mol.  For a spontanseous reaction ∆G°&lt;0…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a…

A: Spontaneous process The process that can take place without the assistance of any external factor is…

Q: Consider the formation reaction of water, the hydrogen balloon reaction: 2 H,(g) + 0,(g) → 2 H,O(g)…

A: The reaction given is, =&gt; 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)

Q: 4. Arrange the following substances (1mole each) in order of increasing entropy at 25°C; (a)Neg) (b)…

A: A question based on increasing entropy of different substances, which is to be accomplished.

Q: In photosynthesis, plants form glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Write a…

A: Photosynthesis It is a process in which green plants make their own food and convert light energy…

Q: Arrange Au(s), Al(s), and C(s) in order of increasing entropy. Assume the three solids are at the…

A: The correct order of entropy is given below

Q: For the synthesis of ammonia where AG' = -33.3 kJ/mole, determine whether the reaction is…

A: The reaction given is, =&gt; Given:   And ΔGo = -33.3 KJ/mol = -33300 J/mol…

Q: Which pair of reactant will produce a spontaneous reaction if everything is present in its standard…

A: The standard reduction potential of Cu and Fe is as follows: Cu2++2e−→Cu…

Q: Which of the following reactions are/is spontaneous? a) The melting of ice cubes at -5°C and 1 atm…

A: a. Melting of ice is non spontaneous at -5°C and 1 atm because it melts at 0°C and 1 atm. Below this…

Q: A reaction has AH°= 100 kJ/mol and AS°= 250 J/mol.K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room…

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Q: If either of the reactions is nonspontaneous but can become spontaneous, at what temperature might…

A: The relation between free energy and enthalpy is shown below: ∆G = ∆H -T∆S where; ∆G = change in…