Which of the following processes are spontaneous andwhich are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a banana,(b) dissolution of sugar in a cup of hot coffee, (c) the reactionof nitrogen atoms to form N2 molecules at 25 °C and1 atm, (d) lightning, (e) formation of CH4 and O2 moleculesfrom CO2 and H2O at room temperature and 1 atm ofpressure?

Q: Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bicarbonate:…

A: Standard free energy change, standard enthalpy and standard entropy have the following relationship.…

Q: Which of these reactions is expected to be spontaneous at all temperature?          (A

A: We have to tell which reactions is expected to be spontaneous at all temperature

Q: Here is the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form gaseous methanol at 298 K. (a)…

A: (a) ∆S° = -219.2 J/K (b) Sign of ∆S° = -ve (c) ∆H° = -90.5 kJ (d) ∆G° = -ve ( spontaneous reaction )

Q: Explain the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, and provide an example of…

A:

Q: What is the total entropy change at 25°C for the reaction below, if the standard entropies of…

A: Given :-  The given reaction is      5C(gr) + 5H2(g) → C5H10(g) ...........(A) Sº (C(gr)) = 5.74…

Q: Methanol is relatively inexpensive to produce. Much consideration has been given to using it as a…

A: ∆SCH3OH = 126.8 kJ/mol ∆SCH4 = 186.264 kJ/mol ∆So2 = 205 kJ/mol

Q: 10) Show that it is a spontaneous process for water to boil at 110 °C.

A: When we superheat liquid water at 110°C, the nature of the reaction can be stated by following it's…

Q: What is the type of entropy change for 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) —> C6H12O6(g) + 6O2(g)? Provide…

A: Answer  In this given reaction 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)…

Q: Explain the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, and provide an example of…

A: Difference between spontaneous and non-spontaneous process :

Q: Using the following data, give an approximation of the temperature at which the reaction CH4 (g) + 4…

A: According to second law of thermodynamics , entropy of a system always Increases. Or the value of…

Q: The crystalline hydrate Cd(NO3)2 .4H2O(s) loses waterwhen placed in a large, closed, dry vessel at…

A: a) The process is spontaneous at room temperature. The standard enthalpy change for the reaction is…

Q: Cyclopropane and propylene are isomers that both havethe formula C3H6. Based on the molecular…

A:

Q: Calculate the ASuni and determine whether the following reaction is spontaneous at 25.0°C. Al2O3(s)…

A: The relation between ∆G, ∆H and ∆S is given as;∆G=∆H-T∆S

Q: If the absolute entropy for O2 (g) is 126 J/(mole∙K), what is the ΔS for the complete combustion of…

A: C2H4 (g) on complete combustion gives CO2(g) and H2O(g)  We need a balanced equation for the…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous:(a) the melting of ice cubes at -10 °C and 1 atm…

A: A spontaneous reaction is defined as a reaction that takes place on its own and no external energy…

Q: For the reaction CaO(s) + CO2(g)CACO3(s) at 298 K, AG = -130.9 kJ/mol, AH= -178.3 kJ/mol, AS = -159…

A: For spontaneous reaction, value of  ΔG is negative. For non- spontaneous reaction,  value of ΔG is…

Q: Identify the equation of Gibbs free energy, AG to predict the spontaneity of a reaction.

A: ANSWER

Q: Under what conditions does an increase in temperature turn a nonspontaneous process into a…

A: For a spontaneous reaction, ∆G (change in Gibbs free energy) must be negative.

Q: For a chemical reaction to be spontaneous only at low temperatures, which of the following…

A: For any reaction to be spontaneous, the value of ΔGo i.e DGo of the reaction should be -ve. Hence…

Q: (a) Using the heat of vaporization in Appendix B, calculatethe entropy change for the vaporization…

A: a) First calculate the entropy change of the given process at 25oC Given, The temperature of the…

Q: Determine the: a. Heat of the reaction, AH b. AS c. AG at 25°C for the combustion of ammonia,…

A: a.

Q: 2 NH3 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → N20 (g) + 3 H20 (g) Is this reaction spontaneous only at low temperatures,…

A:

Q: Consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm.In what temperature range…

A: vapourization in which the process in which the liquid to vapor phase. an endothermic reaction is a…

Q: Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formulabut different arrangements of atoms, as…

A: a.

Q: Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) A reactionthat is spontaneous in one direction…

A: (a) The spontaneity of a reaction is determined by the value of standard free energy change of the…

Q: The following reaction for the production of hydrogen cyanide is spontaneous under standard…

A: In given reaction , formation of HCN is a endothermic process.

Q: The reaction of methane with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen is non- spontaneous at 298 K.…

A: To become the spontaneous reaction it must have change in Gibbs free energy negative. In order to do…

Q: 12. For a particular chemical reaction ΔΗ= 6.8 kJ and A--29 JK. Under what temperature condition Is…

A: Enthalpy of the given reaction is defined as the difference in the enthalpy of reactants and…

Q: Consider the following reaction at constant P. Use the information here to determine the value of…

A: From thermodynamics: ∆Ssurr=∆HT                                                              . . .…

Q: Which of the following reactions will NOT be spontaneous at any temperature?          (A) 2SO3(g)…

A: If Delta G is negative then reaction is spontaneous and if positive then reaction will never be…

Q: 3. Calculate the standard free-energy change ( AG° ) at 25°C for the reaction 2H2(g) + N2(g) =N¿H4…

A:

Q: 14. For mercury, the enthalpy of vaporization is 58.51 kJ/mol and the entropy of vaporization is…

A: The amount of heat required to convert substance present in liquid state to gaseous state is known…

Q: enumerate at least three examples each for a spontaneous reaction and a nonspontaneous reaction

A: A spontaneous reaction is a reaction which occurs without the help of an external force or energy.…

Q: Which of the following relationships is correct? A) Delta G > 0 represents an increase in kinetic…

A: Free energy is a measure of spontaneity of chemical process.

Q: Consider the following reaction at constant P. Use the information here to determine the value of…

A: The reaction taking place is given as, => CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) -----> CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)…

Q: 8e. Consider the following reaction: CacO3 (s) → Cao (s) + CO2 (g) Data: A,H = +177.5 kJ mol1 AS =…

A: Given: To find: The temperature of the spontaneous reaction Formula: Where is the entropy  is…

Q: What is the temperature at which the reaction below becomes spontaneous, if the standard entropies…

A:

Q: For the following reaction, calculate the a.ΔrxnH, b.ΔrxnS, c. ΔrxnG (25°C) of the following…

A: Given, H2 (g) + I2 (s) --> 2 HI (g) At 25 °C, the a.ΔrxnH, b.ΔrxnS, c. ΔrxnG is:

Q: Which of the following conditions is necessary for a process to be spontaneous? a. ΔHsys0ΔSsys>0…

A: According to the second law of thermodynamics, the spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined…

Q: þetermine the values of AH', AS'and AG'for the following two reactions at 25 °C, using the data…

A: A spontaneous reaction is a reaction that favors the production of compounds under the conditions…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a…

A: Spontaneous process The process that can take place without the assistance of any external factor is…

Q: Consider these two reactions: Reaction 1: 20F2(g) O2(g) + 2 F2(g) ΔΗ-49.4 k Reaction 2: N2(8) +…

A:

Q: The normal freezing point of n-octane (C8H18) is -57 °C.(a) Is the freezing of n-octane an…

A: Given that the freezing point of n-octane is -57 oC.

Q: For a chemical reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures, which of the following conditions…

A: According to the second law of thermodynamics, the spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined…

Q: 16. Which among the following represents a positive change in entropy? O release of thermal energy O…

A: Entropy is defined as the randomness of a system. Thermal energy is also called heat energy. A…

Q: Explain why water spontaneously freezes to form ice below 0 °C even though the entropy of the water…

A: Entropy is the randomness or disorder. As the disorder increases the entropy increases, while the…

Q: The normal freezing point of n-octane 1C8H182 is -57 °C. In what temperature range is the freezing…

A: For freezing process  ∆H < 0  and ∆S < 0  So,  ∆G = ∆H - T∆S  at low temperature  ∆G < 0…

Q: A reaction has AH°= 100 kJ/mol and AS°= 250 J/mol.K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room…

A: