Which of the following solution(s) would be a buffer? Select all that apply. 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M propanoic acid to which 50.0 mL of 0.100 M sodium hydroxide has been added 100.0 mL of a solution that contains 0.100 M hydrochloric acid and 0.100 M sodium chloride 100.0 mL of a solution that contains 0.100 M benzoic acid and 0.100 M potassium benzoate 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of acetic acid in which 0.100 g of sodium acetate is dissolved 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M formic acid solution

Which of the following solution(s) would be a buffer? Select all that apply. 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M propanoic acid to which 50.0 mL of 0.100 M sodium hydroxide has been added 100.0 mL of a solution that contains 0.100 M hydrochloric acid and 0.100 M sodium chloride 100.0 mL of a solution that contains 0.100 M benzoic acid and 0.100 M potassium benzoate 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution of acetic acid in which 0.100 g of sodium acetate is dissolved 100.0 mL of a 0.100 M formic acid solution

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter15: Acid–base Equilibria

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 95AP

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Each symbol in the box below represents a mole of a component in one liter of a buffer solution; represents the anion (X-), = the weak acid (HX), = H+, and =OH. Water molecules and the few H+ and OH- ions from the dissociation of HX and X- are not shown. The box contains 10 mol of a weak acid, , in a liter of solution. Show what happens upon (a) the addition of 2 mol of OH- (2 ). (b) the addition of 5 mol of OH- (5 ). (c) the addition of 10 mol of OH- (10 ). (d) the addition of 12 mol of OH- (12 ). Which addition (a)-(d) represents neutralization halfway to the equivalence point?
A buffer solution that is 0.100 M acetate ion and 0.100 M acetic acid is prepared. (a) Calculate the initial pH, final pH, and change in pH when 1.00 mL of 1.00 M NaOH is added to 100.0 mL of the buffer. (b) Calculate the initial pH, final pH, and change in pH when 1.00 mL of 1.00 M NaOH is added to 100.0 mL pure (pH 7.00) water.
What is meant by the capacity of a buffer? Describe a buffer with low capacity and the same buffer with greater capacity.
A buffer solution was prepared by adding 4.95 g sodium acetate to 250. mL of 0.150-M acetic acid. What ions and molecules are present in the solution? List them in order of decreasing concentration. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution. Calculate the pH of 100. mL of the buffer solution if you add 80. mg NaOH. (Assume negligible change in volume.) Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs to change the pH.
A buffer is prepared using the butyric acid/butyrate (HC4H7O2/C4H7O2)acid-base pair. The ratio of acid to base is 2.2 and Ka for butyric acid is1.54105. (a) What is the pH of this buffer? (b) Enough strong base is added to convert 15% of butyric acid to the butyrate ion. What is the pH of the resulting solution? (c) Strong acid is added to the buffer to increase its pH. What must the acid/base ratio be so that the pH increases by exactly one unit (e.g., from 2 to 3) from the answer in (a)?
What is the pH of a buffer that is 0.175 M in a weak acid and 0.200 M in the acids conjugate base? The acids ionization constant is 5.7 104.
Consider the weak acids in Table 13.2. Which acid-base pair would be best for a buffer at a pH of (a) 3.0(b) 6.5 (c) 12.0
Explain why even though an aqueous acetic acid solution contains acetic acid and acetate ions, it cannot be a buffer.
A monoprotic organic acid that has a molar mass of 176.1 g/mol is synthesized. Unfortunately, the acid produced is not completely pure. In addition, it is not soluble in water. A chemist weighs a 1.8451-g sample of the impure acid and adds it to 100.0 mL of 0.1050 M NaOH. The acid is soluble in the NaOH solution and reacts to consume most of the NaOH. The amount of excess NaOH is determined by titration: It takes 3.28 mL of 0.0970 M HCl to neutralize the excess NaOH. What is the purity of the original acid, in percent?
A buffer solution is prepared by adding 0.125 mol ammonium chloride to 500. mL of 0.500-M aqueous ammonia. Calculate the pH of the buffer. If 0.0100 mol HCl gas is bubbled into 500. mL buffer and all of the gas dissolves, calculate the new pH of the solution.
The molecular scene (see margin) shows a sample of an HB/B-buffer. (HB is blue and yellow, B- is yellow; other ions and water are not shown.)(a) Would you add a small amount of concentrated strong acid or strong base to increase the buffer capacity?(b) Assuming no volume change, draw a scene that represents the buffer with the highest possible capacity after the addition in part (a).
A student must make a buffer solution with a pH of 7.00.7.00. Determine which weak acid is the best option to make a buffer at the specified pH. acetic acid, ?a=1.75×10−5,�a=1.75×10−5, 5.00 M propionic acid, ?a=1.34×10−5,�a=1.34×10−5, 3.00 M ammonium citrate, ?a=4.06×10−7,�a=4.06×10−7, 2.00 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, ?a=6.23×10−8,�a=6.23×10−8, 2.00 M Determine which conjugate base is the best option to make a buffer at the specified pH. sodium acetate trihydrate, CH3COONa⋅3H2OCH3COONa⋅3H2O disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate, Na2HPO4⋅7H2ONa2HPO4⋅7H2O sodium propionate, CH3CH2COONaCH3CH2COONa sodium citrate dihydrate, C6H5O7Na3⋅2H2OC6H5O7Na3⋅2H2O The final volume of buffer solution must be 100.00 mL and the final concentration of the weak acid must be 0.100 M. Based on this information, what mass of solid conjugate base should the student weigh out to make the buffer solution with a pH of 7.00? mass = g Based on this information, what…

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