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Why are leptin injections less helpful for most overweight people than for mice with the obese gene?
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- In what way has the production of human insulin by recombinant DNA methods had significant medical advantages for diabetics?How does the amino acid substitution and amino acid chain in protamine zinc insulin help control the rate at which insulin enters blood stream?Why is it that mammals usually stop producing lactase? What is the term for someone that cannot produce lactase as an adult?
- Why are hemoglobin proteins made only in red blood cells and insulin proteins only in certain pancreatic cells?If the circulatory system of an ob/ob mouse is surgically joined to that of a normal mouse, what will be the eff ect on the appetite and weight of the ob/ob mouse?What is HbA1c? How does it differ from fasting blood glucose?
- How do insulin and epinephrine regulate glycogen metabolism in the muscle through the Glycogen targeting protein GM?Compare the localization of GLUT4 with that of GLUT2 and GLUT3, and explain why these localizations are important in the response of muscle,adipose tissue, brain, and liver to insulinPredict the physiological effects of a mutation that resulted in a deficiency of enteropeptidase.