Why is the nervous system vulnerable to microbial invasion?

Q: Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

A: A lot of endotoxins is expected to causes a disease and consequently, their intensity (potency)…

Q: Why does treatment of human skin with alcohol not create a completely sterile environment?

A: Sterilization is the process of getting rid of all the germs on the surface of the object and makes…

Q: Is the human gut microbiome contains trillions of microbes that both influence and are influenced by…

A: The gut microbiome basically implies the composite microbial genome found in the mammalian…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of the physical, mechanical, and chemical barriers at body…

A: Innate immunity is present since birth. Innate immunity is non-specific. Innate immunity lacks…

Q: How can we avoid/prevent the pathogenic effect of some microorganisms?

A: INTRODUCTION During anesthesia, a breathing system could also be used for quite one patient. Any…

Q: Why people get AIDS?

A: AIDS stands for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a chronic disease that leads to a…

Q: What is the expected result if a compromised person is exposed to a true pathogen?

A: The term 'immuno-compromised' refers to the condition of an individual whose immune defenses are…

Q: Is Saccharomyces cerevisiae harmful?

A: Many species of fungus belong to the genus Saccharomyces. Two types of yeast strains are used in…

Q: How is Saccharomyces cerevisiae helpful to humans?

A: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast. Yeast is a eukaryotic unicellular organism that belongs…

Q: Why doesn’t penicillin act against any eukaryotic pathogens

A: There are broadly  two type of cell based on the structure and function: prokaryotic cells( form…

Q: How would damage to the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract predispose a person to infection?

A: The trachea and bronchi contains ciliated epithelial layer. The mucus is secreted by the goblet…

Q: Why is the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines discouraged in clinical practice today?

A: H1 antihistamines are the anti allergens prescribed in the treatment of allergic symptoms such as…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: What do you mean by “chemotaxonomy?

A: Taxonomy is the science of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms on the…

Q: is bacterial infection same as bacteria toxin?

A: Microbes cause different diseases in different hosts. The microbes often evade the immune system and…

Q: How can you be protected from invading pathogens?

A: A microbe is a living entity that is so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Microbiology…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: Which is an example of chemotaxis? the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to…

A: Introduction  A reaction that takes place within an organism with the goal of protecting it from…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: What are two reasons microbes will produce toxins?

A: Introduction :- Toxins produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, protozoa,…

Q: Why are some pathogens more noticeable than others?

A: A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host, with virulence referring to the intensity…

Q: What do you mean by chemotropism?

A: A stimulus is a detectable variation in the physical or chemical arrangement of the internal or…

Q: How does a phagocyte “know” it is in contact with a pathogen instead of another body cell?

A: Phagocytes are particularly the eating cells which circulate throughout the body and looks for…

Q: Why is personal hygiene for patients so important?

A: The series of practices, which are performed to preserve the health of an individual and to keep…

Q: Our environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on…

A: There are various kinds of interactions between the different organisms in the ecosystem in order to…

Q: Discuss the three reasons why infection may not occur after microbes enter the body.

A: The microbe utilizes the body to sustain, reproduce and colonize itself. These pathogenic tiny…

Q: What structures or substances that can increase microbial virulence or pathogenicity and explain the…

A: Microbes are tiny organisms that are both beneficial and harmful to humans.

Q: What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected…

A: Aids js acquired immuno deficiency syndrome which is caused by the HIV virus (human immuno…

Q: how does MALT protect your body?

A: Any substance (foreign or self) that is capable of provoking an immune response in the body is known…

Q: Why is Zika virus disease considered dangerous even though itrarely kills?

A: The Zika virus is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae…

Q: How do the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system provide defenses against invading…

A: INTRODUCTION The body's most fundamental and nonspecific defense mechanism is physical defense.…

Q: How is it that we are not in a state of continuous infection from the microbes we encounter every…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: What are pathogens?

A: Communicable diseases or infectious diseases are the one which gets spread from one individual to…

Q: Suppose someone suffers from constant itching. What kinds of drugs might help relieve it?

A: DISEASE It is basically the illness of the body. This affects our bodily functions as it causes…

Q: What does defensive medicine mean?

A: Introduction: The substance used to treat and cure disease is referred to as medicine. It can be in…

Q: In what ways is a phagocyte a tiny container of disinfectants?

A: Phagocytes are the cells which protects the body by the process of ingesting the harmful foreign…

Q: Why is the lower respiratory tract typically microbe-free?

A: Lung microbiota is the vast term for the community of pulmonary microbes that are found in the lower…

Q: What do memory cells do when the same pathogens invade our body?

A: Memory cells are immune cells which are formed on primary exposure to a antigen.

Q: What types of infections can occur after AIDS has developed in the body?

A: AIDS (Acquired immuno Deficiency Syndrome )or HIV(Human Immuno-deficiency Virus) destructs the…

Q: Microorganisms present on surface of skin and mucous membrane are killed by a chemical named as

A: Human skin provides the first line of non-specific defense against pathogens. The skin and mucous…

Q: How is microbial death defined?

A: Microbial Death- Lack of the perfect environmental circumstances constant loss of reproductive…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.