Why is ultraviolet radiation only sufficient for the disinfection of surfaces or air, while x-rays can be used for sterilization? The wavelength of ultraviolet light do not possess sufficient energy to damage bacterial cells. Ultraviolet light has a relatively low degree of penetrability. Many cells have enzyme systems that are able to repair radiation-induced DNA damage. Ultraviolet light is capable of ionizing radiation only.

Q: Pinocytosis can bring all of the following substances into most eukaryotic cells, with the exception…

A: Introduction  Cells are compartmentalized structures which are enclosed by the cell membranes. These…

Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. catalase: hydrogen peroxide production b.…

A: Answer solved.

Q: What are the functions of the following steps in the purification and isolation of proteins:…

A: The lysis of cells is the first step in the purification of a cellular protein.

Q: If you took a bacterium living in a stream with 20°C water and placed it in a hot spring with 50°C…

A: It is very well known that microbes can thrive in a pretty wide and variable range of environmental…

Q: The famous scientist Louis Pasteur incorrectly assumed that the process of fermentation was a…

A: The breakdown of carbohydrate under anaerobic condition is referred to as fermentation. So the…

Q: Nitrogen fixing bacteria can use atmospheric nitrogen as their sole source of nitrogen. Imagine you…

A: The microbes are grown in an artificial culture medium in a laboratory set up. These media provide…

Q: different environments. Anerobic organisms need oxygen to survive, while aerobic organisms can…

A: Distinction of aerobic and anaerobic respiration depends on the oxygen requirement. There are two…

Q: When utilizing the microscope to identify the cells in an unknown sample, you notice that the cells…

A: Three domains are  1. Domain eukarya 2. Domain archaea  3. Domain bacteria

Q: Which of the following microscopes typically requires the use of vital dyes (like methylene blue) to…

A: Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that…

Q: You conduct a gram stain on a bacterial culture. After counterstaining with safranin, cells are…

A: Gram staining is a technique of staining for classifying the species of bacteria.Gram staining helps…

Q: E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a complex mediumthan in a defined medium. Why?

A: E.coli is a gram negative, rod shaped bacteria and are found in lower intestine of warm-blooded…

Q: If 100,000 normal human cells were plated in a petri dish, around how many normal cells would be…

A: Introduction: If we start with one cell, when it divides, there are 2 cells in the first generation,…

Q: Organisms that live in fresh water are almost always hypertonic to their environment .In what way is…

A: The net movement of water exerts a pressure recognized as osmotic pressure out of or into a cell.…

Q: If these onion cells are placed in pure water, pure water is a solution.

A:

Q: QUESTION 1 Why is heat or a VERY long incubation required to stain Mycobacteria? mycotoxins present…

A: Introduction  Mycobacteria are microorganisms. There are numerous varieties. The most common one is…

Q: polymerase chain reaction is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA…

A: PCR is technology which is used for making DNA copies from small fragments.These process involve use…

Q: Which of the following mechanisms of action of antibiotics has the fewest side effects?   protein…

A: As already mentioned in the question Antibiotics have mainly 5 basic mechanisms, against the…

Q: A growth medium consisting of only known amounts of water, magnesium, calcium chloride, potassium…

A: The growth medium, also called as Nutrient Broth, is a kind of solution which is sterilized to get a…

Q: Red blood cells are dropped in a solution of unknown concentration. Looking through the test tube,…

A:

Q: How would radiation at 220 nm affect a microbial cell? It would allow it to photosynthesize. It…

A: There are certain wavelength which are necessary for photosynthesis and there are certain wavelength…

Q: Antibiotics can be bactericidal (they kill the microbe) or bacteriostatic (they inhibit microbial…

A: Disk Diffusion Test: The disk diffusion test is a culture-based microbiology assay used in…

Q: In the experiment by Bernard Davis, bacterial F+cells and F- cells were growing while separated by a…

A: The transfer of genetic material between bacteria can occur in three different ways, Conjugation,…

Q: In their Nobel Prize-winning experiments, Beadle and Tatum exposed fungal spores to X-rays to induce…

A: In case genes were associated with biochemical catalysts, Beadle and Tatum contemplated that it…

Q: Consider this red blood cell (red circle) in the solution. The blue dots cannot pass through the…

A: The correct answer is . The cell will expand or swell .

Q: A bacterium has the following characteristics: ∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, and with…

Q: Penicillin is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing the formation of the peptidoglycan…

A: Penicillin–It is the most important for the welfare of human society. Penicillin is commonly called…

Q: You use a spectrophometer and estimate the concentration of bacteria in a urine sample to be 4.6 x…

A: dilution factor  =10^-6

Q: Why do cheek cells stain red with the gram stain? What is the big red circle in the middle of the…

A: Bacteria that have a thick layer of a substance called "peptidoglycan" in their cell wall will get a…

Q: A meteorite lands at your feet. You remove 4 equal weight samples from the uncontaminated interior…

A: Introduction : L glucose and D- glucose differ in their structures at the chiral carbon. L- glucose…

Q: .The image below shows the growth rate vs temperature profiles of two strains of bacteria. They…

A: In biology, membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane or a…

Q: Materials: • Single colony of E. coli cells to be transformed • LB medium • 0.1 M CaCl2, ice cold…

A: The most common bacterial species for transformation is E.coli but their natural competency (copy…

Q: If five E. coli cells are placed into sterile nutrient media under optimal conditions (with a growth…

A: E coli cells generally undergoes replication and divde into 2 daughters cells in every 20 mins. That…

Q: Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will grow at 40°C, while P. fumarii but not E. coli will…

A: Microbes are classified based on the adapted environment. There are mesophiles, thermophiles and…

Q: antibiotic

A: Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are medications that destroy or slow down the growth of…

Q: You have two types of cells (animal cells and plant cells) that you will place in a variety of…

A: The tonicity of the solution present outside a cell (plant or animal) produces similar effects on…

Q: n a micro lab there are various staining procedures, different microscopes, and media that are used…

A: Prokaryotes have a primitive structure which contains cell membrane, plasmids and genetic material…

Q: Which of the following is never used to make cell walls? Group of answer choices 1peptidoglycan…

A: Organisms are made up of cells. Cells contain organelles that are present in the cytoplasm of the…

Q: Which  of the following  statement  about  3 bacterial  cell wall  is incorrect  Peptidoglycan…

A: Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that practically exists in all types of…

Q: Glucose broth is a liquid medium used for the isolation and cultivation of different microorganisms.…

A: Culture medium or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms.…

Q: We know that a short duration of UV radiation could kill a large number of the cells. We also know…

A: Yes, bacteria can survive in sunlight. There are two major reasons how bacteria are able to survive…

Q: Which of the following more common terms is closest in meaning to pluripotent? Stem cell Genetically…

A:

Q: In a biological production process, bacteria with spore-forming ability are immobilized on a support…

A: Introduction :- Spore-forming bacteria are more resilient than most minuscule unicellular organisms.…

Q: Penicillin does not directly kill bacteria. Why do cells usually die in the presence of penicillin?

A: Introduction  An antibiotic is a drug that stops microorganism growth and kills it. They fight…

Q: Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty showed that pathogenic cells treated with could no longer transform the…

A: Various experiments were carried out by different scientists in our history to prove that DNA is the…

Q: When we have a bacterial infection, we often take antibiotics. Why do antibiotics only kill…

A:

Q: Engineered bacteria are commonly used and cultured in pharmaceutical laboratories to produced drugs…

A: Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the β-cells of islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. It…

Q: Imagine you accidentally applied water during the decolorization step instead of ethyl alcohol.…

A: Gram positive bacteria has thick peptidoglycan layer and thin outer membrane. Gram negative bacteria…

Q: You are studying a type of bacteria isolated from the acidic water runoff of a mining operation. You…

A: INTRODUCTION In chemistry, pH traditionally denoting "ability of hydrogen" is a scale used to…

Q: Suppose you have a bacterium, which is normally killed in an hour when growing in a medium…

A: It is given that the given bacterium is the auxotrophic and requires the tryptophan for its growth…