Why might the atpS mutant grow so slowly?

Q: How much free energy is released when ATP is converted toADP + Pior when AMP is converted to…

A: ATP is known as adenosine triphosphate and is the energy currency of the cell. It is composed of…

Q: Why is water excluded from the active site of phosphorylase? Predict the effect of a mutation that…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis in animals by releasing…

Q: 19) Consider the table of allosteric effectors and their effect on the following metabolic…

A: Introduction: The substances that binds the allosteric site and regulate the activity of an enzyme…

Q: What biochemical alterations facilitate the switch to aerobic glycolysis?

A: The cellular respiration reaction is aerobic and anaerobic as well but still glycolysis is common in…

Q: Why can we say that production of a GTP is equivalent toproduction of an ATP?

A: Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy currency of the cells in living organisms. Chemical…

Q: Explain AMPPNP

A: AMPPNP is useful to understand the muscle contraction.

Q: Explain the logic behind having [ADP] regulate the conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to PRPP. Does…

A: ADP is a nucleotide formed of adenine, ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups. Since adenine is a…

Q: How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c…

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme required for the synthesis of ATP. It is located in the F1 or head piece…

Q: Define the term Allosteric Modulation?

A: The word, Allosteric, is derived from the Greek language in which Allos meaning 'other' and stereos…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD+ ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: The process through which an organism receives energy is known as cellular respiration. Cellular…

Q: Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…

A: Fatty acids are (-COOH)carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains from 4 to 36 carbon long. These can…

Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP-ADP translocase, the…

A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It is produced via oxidative phosphorylation of ADP and Pi…

Q: Describe the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylase, adenosinedeaminase, and xanthine…

A: The biosynthesis, interconversion, and degradation of purine/pyrimidine compounds are involved in…

Q: Demonstrate an understanding of the biochemical structure of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and…

A: ATP is energy molecule used by the cells to perform biological activity. It also called the…

Q: Why does the Krebs cycle operate only under aerobic conditionseven though it does not use molecular…

A: Respiration is the important chemical process that occurs in all living organisms including animals…

Q: Identify the effect of lowering the KM of phosphoglucoseisomerase on Phosphofructokinase activity. O…

A: There is no change in the activity  level by lowering the KM of phosphoglucoseisomerase on…

Q: A mutation in Hb that prevented formation of the tetramer would result in: a   A decrease in…

A: Hemoglobin are the iron containing  oxygen carrier. They are metalloprotein  that carries oxygen…

Q: Why is the Na/K is also called Na/K ATPase?

A: The process of transport in which ions or molecules of a substance are transported across the cell…

Q: .Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate con- centration is about 10 mM.…

A: ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in…

Q: Define dephosphorylated separase

A: Separase is also considered as the separin protein, which play important role in mitosis cell…

Q: Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used for muscle contraction?

A: Muscle contraction is a process in which muscle shortening occurs due to the movement of the actin…

Q: Define the biological advantages to the use of ATP as anenergy carrier in living systems ?

A: Enzyme called ATP synthetase using glucose as initial substrate molecule synthesises ATP in the…

Q: In performing its function does mt ATP synthase require other enzymes to be involved during its…

A: No, mitochondial ATP synthase do not require other enzymes during its function.

Q: What do you think would be the effect on oxidative phosphorylation of the following mutations of F1…

A: F1 or F0 ATPase synthase is C ring structured enzyme which transfer the hydrogen ions by rotation by…

Q: List the components of the enzyme complex involved in the transition step. Simply describe what does…

A: A enzyme is made up of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids. The amino acid causes the…

Q: How Does Destabilization of ES Affect EnzymeCatalysis?

A: Enzymes are specialized proteins that catalyze all biochemical reactions essential for metabolic…

Q: Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phos- phate concentration is about 10 mM.…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy stored in the body which is produces as the result of…

Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…

Q: Define Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A: All energy available to life on earth is obtained from the sun in the form of light and heat energy…

Q: If a mutation occurs in the complex II (succinate reductase), what would be the total ATP yield of…

A: FADH2 cannot pass through complex I in the Electron transport chain (ETC) and hence it is received…

Q: Please briefly explain the ATP_modulated actomyosih cycle.

A: Every myosin motor protein has ATPase activity and works in a periodic fashion, with ATP binding and…

Q: Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If…

A: According to the given information, the energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the ADP…

Q: What types of substances or activities denature enzymes? Suggest three different denaturation…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that are involved in carrying out chemical reactions. They tend to increase…

Q: What Are the Magnitudes of Enzyme-Induced Rate Accelerations?

A: A reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme, proceeds at a much faster rate because enzymes lower the…

Q: In vivo, ATP is usually bound to magnesium or manganese ions. Why is this the case?

A: Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy…

Q: What is required for the Krebs cycle to proceed?

A: Introduction The citric acid cycle (CAC) – also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or…

Q: Why is IMPDH in the mitochondria?

A: IMPDH stands for Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase. It is a purine based biosynthetic enzyme…

Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…

A: Introduction ATP-ADP translocase is a transport protein that acts as an antiporter of ATP and ADP.…

Q: Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of free FADH2 by ubiquinonesufficiently exergonic to…

A: ATP synthesis involves the transfer of electrons from the intermembrane space, through the inner…

Q: What is the experimental evidence that mitochondria can change conformation during respiration?

A: The mitochondria change conformation during respiration. There is experimental evidence that shows…

Q: Describe the reactions that convert IMP to ATP and GTP.

A: Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate is a nucleotide. It is widely used as a flavor enhancer, and…

Q: f an ATP Synthase complex had 16 c-subunits in the c-ring, how many ATPs will be made from a single…

A: Start by letting n = number of c =16 Molecules acetyl coAproduced by using this round  = n/2 =16/2…

Q: Explain the enzymatic function of the sliding clamp loader ?

A: Introduction   DNA pol III is the primary enzyme that leads the DNA replication system. It is a…

Q: Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If…

A: According to the given information, the energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the ADP…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: Alcohol Metabolism -- Alcohol --Alcohol the group of compounds which have a general formula R -OH…

Q: What would happen if The gene for ATP synthase was methylated by accident?

A: The methylation of ATP synthase may lead to malfunctioning of various molecular activities directly…

Q: What are the catalytic subunits of F1 particle of ATP synthase?

A: Adenosine triphosphate synthase is a protein that catalyses the synthesis of the energy storage…

Q: Why are estimates of ATP production from cellular respiration provided in terms of a range (30-32,…

A: Adenosine triphosphates (ATP) are complex organic molecules that act as high energy compounds. They…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.