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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesIn the condition diabetes mellitus, why does glucose appear in the urine? Group of answer choices The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient. The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption. Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells. The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? Group of answer choices 1. It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to sodium so more is reabsorbed. 2. It decreases renin secretion. 3. It increases aldosterone secretion. 4. It causes a high volume of less concentrated urine to be produced. 5. It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water so more is reabsorbed.
- Please help me with these questions. More than one answer may be correct for each. 1) Podocytes are A) part of the glomerulus B) able to filter blood plasma components by size C) non-cellular D) surrounding capillaries in the Bowmans capsule E) contractile 2) How can diabetes insipidus occur? A) Kidneys not responding to vasopressin B) Abnormal thirst mechanism C) Lack of vasopressin production in the hypothalamus D) Transiently during pregnancy E) Drinking too much soda 3) Which of the following statements are true about protonephridia? A) They have a nephridiopore, which is an opening of a blind-ended duct. B) They are only present in animals with true body cavities C) have a conducting tubule. D) They have a coelom. E) They create lower pressure using a ciliated cell known as a flame cell.What is the role of the renal system in the regulation of body water, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and endocrine function? Kindly insert your references here. Thank you!Answer the following questions. Differentiate the functions of the endocrine and the nervous system. How does a dialysis machine work? Where can you compare a kidney, and how do its structure and function the same as the kidney?
- Atrial natriuretic peptide has been found to Group of answer choices 1. inhibit sodium reabsorption by the collecting ducts. 2. increase the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 3. decrease sodium secretion and increase blood pressure. 4. be produced by the adrenal cortex. 5. constrict afferent arterioles, decreasing the glomerular filtration rate.A pt was born with a rare genetic disorder in which the proximal tubules of her nephrons express half the number of aquaporins as normal. What will result? A. reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical? b. reduced reabsorption of water, Na+ and glucose in the proximal tubules? c. Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions? D. Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules.Answer a, Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone both target kidney cells and increase water retention (keeping water in the blood, letting less go out with urine). ADH causes water retention directly- kidney cells let more water move from the urine back into the blood (the cells are a barrier between those two spaces). Aldosterone enhances water retention by causing more sodium to be retained, creating a stronger osmotic gradient. However, aldosterone also causes a loss of potassium to the urine for every sodium that is kept in the blood. a. Are these hormones both water-soluble or fat-soluble, or is there one of each? b. What chemical class does each belong to? c. Draw a picture hypothesizing how each might cause its target cells to have their effects. Don't look it up! You have all the information you need from the notes and explanation in this question to come up with a reasonable, logical hypothesis. d. If somebody has hyper-aldosteronism (secrete too much aldosterone,…
- The cells lining the nephron component marked by the black asterisk 1. bind the 'parathyroid hormone' to increase the reabsorption of calcium ions from the filtrate into peritubular capillary blood 2. Function to regulate pH of the blood by secreting bicarbonate ions and reabsorbing hydrogen ions 3. bind the hormone 'aldosterone' to increase sodium reabsorption from the filtrate (with passive reabsorption of water) Choose from the following: (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1 and 2 (E) 2 and 3 (F) 1, 2, and 3Which of the following would you do in order to increase the concentration of your urine? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply Drink two pints of beer. Inject yourself with antidiuretic hormone Increase the permeability of your distal convoluted tubules. Increase the pressure in your glomeruli. Remove all aldosterone from your bloodstream. Increase the salt concentrations of your kidney tissue.Is the following table correct? Please explain further what will happen to urine concentration and volume when a person is exercising or has diabetes mellitus.