Would it be effective to use an inhibitor of RNA polymerase to block the HIV replication cycle and subsequent infection of human T cells? Yes, this would stop the transcription of viral genes and prevent HIV from being able to replicate. No, these types of inhibitors do not exist and would be impossible to make. No, this would block transcription of T cell genes, leading to the death of T cells and compromised immune systems in individuals. Yes, inhibitors of RNA polymerase are easy and relatively inexpensive to produce and make good therapeutics.

Would it be effective to use an inhibitor of RNA polymerase to block the HIV replication cycle and subsequent infection of human T cells? Yes, this would stop the transcription of viral genes and prevent HIV from being able to replicate. No, these types of inhibitors do not exist and would be impossible to make. No, this would block transcription of T cell genes, leading to the death of T cells and compromised immune systems in individuals. Yes, inhibitors of RNA polymerase are easy and relatively inexpensive to produce and make good therapeutics.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10QP: The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a...

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Which of the following is false when considering the CCR5Δ32 mutation? a) The mutation prevents the entry of HIV-1 into a T cell. b) The deletion that produced CCR5Δ32 caused a frameshift which extends the length of the protein product. c) CCR5Δ32 prevents infection by HIV-1 in homozygotes but only delays the onset of HIV symptoms in heterozygotes. d) The protein product produced by CCR5Δ32 is altered in such a manner that it cannot embed in the cell membrane.
Several vaccines against viral infections are made by isolating purified surface proteins of the viral particle, mixing them with an adjuvant to stimulate an innate immune response, and injecting the mixture into people. Two examples of this are the vaccine against Hepatitis B virus, and the vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus (the ‘cervical cancer’ vaccine). One interesting property of vaccines of this type (known as ‘subunit vaccines’) is that there is a requirement for a CD4 T cell response to the vaccine antigen in order to generate antibodies to the innocuous protein in the vaccine. In the case of the Hepatitis B vaccine, the viral protein included in the vaccine is the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HepB-SAg), a protein that is approximately 200 amino acids in length. The graph in Figure Q4.27 shows the data from immunizing individuals with this vaccine, and monitoring their production of protective antibody responses to the viral protein. a) What results would be predicted if…
Despite our advancement in Science and Technology, thanks to the invention of the early scientists Robert Hooke and Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek that paved the way to the discovery of cells and the cure of many diseases, why is it that there are still many who are hesitant to have themselves immunized by COVID-19 vaccines? Please answer with 500 words
The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?
The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection In cystic fibrosis gene therapy, scientists propose the use of viral vectors to deliver normal genes to cells in the lungs. What immunological risks are involved in this procedure?
An experiment was performed in mice. Wild-type bone marrow is used to reconstitute lethally irradiated Cr2-/- mice (wt®Cr2-/-), or vice versa (Cr2-/-®wt). As controls, Cr2-/- bone marrow is used to reconstitute Cr2-/- recipients (Cr2-/-®Cr2-/-), and wild-type bone marrow used to reconstitute wild-type recipients (wt®wt). These mice are then inoculated with the HSV-rd virus at 106 PFU, once at day 0 and then a second time at day 28, and the anti-HSV IgG responses are measured every 7 days, as shown in figure below. a) From the data shown above, on which cell type is the expression of the complement receptor most important for humoral immunity? b) For each of the cell types expressing the complement receptor encoded by Cr2, what is the explanation for their importance in humoral immunity to HSV inoculation?
One strategy for vaccine development currently under investigation is the use of pathogen-derived T cell epitopes as a component of the vaccine. For viral pathogens, implementing this strategy involves scanning the predicted amino acid sequences of the viral proteins for likely peptide epitopes that would bind to MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. In addition to the complication of MHC sequence polymorphism in the human population, another complication of this strategy for peptide epitopes that would bind to MHC class II proteins is: The importance of viral proteins containing peptides that are cleaved into 8–10 amino acid long fragments. The ability of viruses to mutate their proteins to avoid MHC anchor residue sequences. The fact that long peptides (>13 amino acids) are rapidly degraded in cells. The fact that MHC class II proteins are intrinsically stable, even in the absence of binding to a peptide. The absence of defined sequence motifs that predict peptide binding to…
Bacteriophage is added to a culture of human T cells and none of the human T cells were infected by bacteriophage. Why? T cells do not have the proper protein machinery to carry out transcription and translation of bacteriophage genes. T cells do not have the corresponding cell surface receptors that are recognized by bacteriophage viruses. T cells have a thick outer cell wall that blocks bacteriophage infection. T cells do not carry out DNA replication and thus are not good hosts for the bacteriophage viruses.
Some Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize nucleic acids, like RNA or DNA. Since our own cells contain human RNA and DNA, the activation of innate immune pathways by these PRRs must rely on additional criteria to discriminate self from nonself. Additional criteria include everything EXCEPT: The subcellular location of the RNA The presence of adenosine residues in viral RNA The methylation state of the DNA Unique structures found on viral RNA The subcellular location of the DNA
Please help me answer all parts of this question: (A)What strategy/type of vaccine would you pursue with the hopes of developing a vaccine to a new pandemic Coronavirus, attenuated virus vaccine or an inactivated virus vaccine? Compare how the two are produced, the limitations or advantages, and justify why you have picked one over the other. (B) Now, compare the above vaccines to mRNA vaccines. How are mRNA vaccines delivered? Are they better than the vaccines from part (A)?
B cells are specialized blood cells that secrete antibodies. Normally, human blood has millions of differenttypes of B cells making millions of different kinds ofantibody molecules. This variety occurs because, as described in the Fast Forward Box in Chapter 13 entitledProgrammed DNA Rearrangements and the ImmuneSystem, antibody genes undergo rearrangements in theprecursors of B cells. Individual B cell precursorsrearrange their antibody genes in different ways.In the blood of patients with cancers called B celllymphomas, almost all of the antibody molecules areall of one type, but this single type of antibody isdifferent in different lymphoma patients.a. Based on this information, provide a brief description of the genesis of B cell lymphomas, focusingon the cells that are overproliferating.
Hypothetically, HPV was used to cure cancer where the cancer was recognized to be foreign by our host immune response. So therefore, which of the following best illustrates how HPV was used to cure cancer?a. The HPV induced a type IV hypersensitivity immune responseb. The HPV induced a type III hypersensitivity immune responsec. The HPV induced a type II hypersensitivity immune responsed. The HPV induced a type I hypersensitivity immune responsee. The HPV induced a type IV autoimmune response