You are an economist in the Internal Revenue System and just heard of a plan to increase the sales tax on a certain widget by $.06. Last year customers purchased about 10 million widgets. The demand curve in the last year was such that a $.01 increase in price decreases sales by 100,000. A study showed that a $.01 increase in price resulted in producers willing to provide 50,000 more widgets to the market. Congress stated that this $.06 tax will increase government revenues by $600,000 and raise the price of each widget by $.06. Is this correct? If so, explain why this is the case and, if not, what is the increase in prices and revenues?
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You are an economist in the Internal Revenue System and just heard of a plan to increase the sales tax on a certain widget by $.06. Last year customers purchased about 10 million widgets. The
in price decreases sales by 100,000. A study showed that a $.01 increase in price resulted in producers willing to provide 50,000 more widgets to the market. Congress stated that this
$.06 tax will increase government revenues by $600,000 and raise the price of each widget by $.06. Is this correct? If so, explain why this is the case and, if not, what is the increase in prices and revenues?
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- Congress and the president decide that the United States should reduce air pollution by reducing its use of gasoline. They impose a $0.50 tax on each gallon of gasoline sold. Suppose they decided to impose the tax on consumers. In the following graph, shows the effect of a $0.50 tax on each gallon of gasoline sold imposed on consumers by shifting the demand or supply curve. DemandSupply01234563.02.52.01.51.00.50Price of Gasoline (Dollars per gallon)Quantity of Gasoline (Thousands of gallons)Demand Supply True or False: The effect of the tax will be the same regardless of whom the tax is imposed on. True False This tax would be more effective in reducing the quantity of gasoline consumed if the demand for gasoline were elastic. True or False: Consumers of gasoline are helped by this tax. True False Workers in the oil industry are by this tax.In 1989, Senator Bob Packwood asked Congress’s Joint Committee on Taxation how much extra revenue the government would raise if it just started taxing 100% of all income over $200,000 per year. The Joint Committee crunched some numbers and reported an answer: $204 billion per year. a. What is wrong with this answer? In 1989, very few people made over $200,000 a year, so the estimate of the tax revenue is far too high. Increasing government spending by $204 billion each year would have generated economic growth, and subsequently even higher amounts of tax revenues. The Joint Committee on Taxation did not have the tools needed to make such an estimate accurately. No one would have an incentive to work once they had earned $200,000, so much of the taxable income would disappear.Two months ago, on July 1, 2019, the State of Illinois raised gasoline taxes by $.19 (19 cents) per gallon of gas. Now it is past July 2019 and the market has changed. The gasoline tax is in place for all Illinois gasoline stations. In addition to the gasoline tax increase, Illinois dealers on average are noticing that many of their customers are going across the border to buy gasoline in Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri and Indiana. Not all customers can do this, as they live far from a border. But there is a clear impact on the market for Illinois gasoline producers. Build a graph showing the impact of the Illinois gas tax increase and the shift of some Illinois consumers to border state gas stations, clearly indicating any shifts in the demand and/or supply curves and the resulting equilibrium Price and Quantity. Provide a narrative explaining the shifts. (Both a graph and a narrative are needed for this question)
- The government is considering levying a tax of $120 per unit on suppliers of either leather jackets or smartphones. The supply curve for each of these two goods is identical, as you can see on each of the following graphs. The demand for leather jackets is shown by DLDL (on the first graph), and the demand for smartphones is shown by DSDS (on the second graph). Suppose the government taxes leather jackets. The following graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good. It also shows the supply curve (S+TaxS+Tax) shifted up by the amount of the proposed tax ($120 per jacket). On the following graph, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area that represents tax revenue for leather jackets. Then use the black triangle (plus symbols) to shade the area that represents the deadweight loss associated with the tax. Instead, suppose the government taxes smartphones. The following graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good, as well as the supply curve…The government is considering levying a tax of $80 per unit on suppliers of either leather jackets or smartphones. The supply curve for each of these two goods is identical, as you can see on each of the following graphs. The demand for leather jackets is shown by DLDL (on the first graph), and the demand for smartphones is shown by DSDS (on the second graph). Suppose the government taxes leather jackets. The following graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good. It also shows the supply curve (S+TaxS+Tax) shifted up by the amount of the proposed tax ($80 per jacket). On the following graph, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area that represents tax revenue for leather jackets. Then use the black triangle (plus symbols) to shade the area that represents the deadweight loss associated with the tax. Instead, suppose the government taxes smartphones. The following graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good, as well as the supply curve…Governments often place so-called sin taxes on goods or services such as cigarettes and alcohol. These kinds of taxes are popular with politicians because they are usually more palatable to voters than income taxes. To understand the effect of such a tax, consider the monthly market for rum, which is shown on the following graph. NOTE: the fill in blank options are (increases by a greater and greater amount, increases and then decreases, or increases at a constant rate)
- Jack has a utility function U(x1x2)=2(x1)(x2)^2 , and the price of x1 is 3$ and the price of x2 is $1 and Jack has an income of $90. a) How much of each good will he demand? Let’s now consider the case where the government imposes quantity tax which is a tax on the amount of a good consumed. b) A 1$ quantity tax (t) is placed on x1 so that now x1 costs $4 to Jack while his income and the price of x2 stay the same. How much of good x1 and x2 does he now demand? c) What will be the tax revenue of government? In other words, tax revenue is the amount equal to tax (t, which is 1$ here) times the quantity demanded by Jack (the answer of optimum x1 in part (B))? Government decided to give back all of the quantity tax revenue to Jack. In other words, his income rose by an amount equal to collected tax revenue in part (c). d) How much of good x1 and x2 does he demand now? (x1 still costs to Jack $4 but his income increased) e) Would Jack be as better off as he was before the quantity…PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTION d,e and f. thanks Jack has a utility function U(x1x2)=2(x1)(x2)^2 , and the price of x1 is 3$ and the price of x2 is $1 and Jack has an income of $90. a) How much of each good will he demand? Let’s now consider the case where the government imposes quantity tax which is a tax on the amount of a good consumed. b) A 1$ quantity tax (t) is placed on x1 so that now x1 costs $4 to Jack while his income and the price of x2 stay the same. How much of good x1 and x2 does he now demand? c) What will be the tax revenue of government? In other words, tax revenue is the amount equal to tax (t, which is 1$ here) times the quantity demanded by Jack (the answer of optimum x1 in part (B))? Government decided to give back all of the quantity tax revenue to Jack. In other words, his income rose by an amount equal to collected tax revenue in part (c). d) How much of good x1 and x2 does he demand now? (x1 still costs to Jack $4 but his income increased) e) Would Jack…Suppose that the government imposes a per-unit tax on cell phones. The tax is imposed on producers of cell phones and the amount of the tax is $50 per cell phone. The following graph shows the effect of the tax. Use the graph to answer the following questions. a) What is the equilibrium P* and Q* before the imposition of the tax? b) How many cell phones per year are sold after the tax has been imposed? What price per cell phone do consumers pay after the tax has been imposed? c) What price do producers receive per cell phone after the tax is paid?
- Suppose the demand curve for gasoline is more elastic than the supply curve for gasoline. If the government imposes a tax on gas stations (gasoline sellers), which party (buyers or sellers) will bear more of the tax burden? How will the tax burden change if the government imposed the tax on gasoline consumers, rather than sellers? explain in simple terms.During the Summer of 2022, gas prices rose well over $5.00 per gallon. In response, President Biden called for a 3-month Federal Gas Tax Holiday, which would remove the $0.18 per gallon federal tax on gasoline. Under what circumstances would you expect consumers to reap the majority of the benefits from the removal of the gasoline tax? Under what circumstances would you expect gasoline retailers to reap the majority of the benefits from the removal of the gasoline tax?According to a researcher at the FDA, vegan foods are “the way if the future”. Morepersons have become health conscious and are looking for foods which will fit thislifestyle. One such food is the Beyond Burger, a plant-based alternative to beef. Notably,despite strong demand for beef burgers, the supply chain has seen a host of disruptionsthat are preventing producers from getting their products to market.Beyond Burger’s sales in Canada totaled $3.0 billion at the end of 2021, accounting for20% of all retail sales of burger patties (meat used in burgers), and 40% of the largermarket for vegan foods. By the end of 2025, sales of Beyond Burgers are projected to makeup 40% of all burger sales.i. Illustrate and explain the effect of the increased use of Beyond Burgers on (i) theburger patties market and (ii) the vegan market.