You are studying RNA viruses and have discovered one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don't know if it is positive or negative stranded. Your lab-mate says, "Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome." You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate's suggestion?
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- You are studying RNA viruses and have discovered a new one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don’t know if it is plus or minus stranded. Your lab-mate says, “Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome.” You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate’s suggestion?The smallpox virus, which actually has a fairly large genome size for a virus (about 190,000 base pairs), must use which of the following enzymes to replicate its nucleic acid? A. DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase B. RNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase C. DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase D. RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase E. reverse transcriptaseSome DNA vaccines use a brief and small electrical shock to get DNA in plasmids into cells. What advantage would there be in using DNA vaccines that consist of plasmids instead of just pieces of double-stranded DNA? The new Covid19 vaccine produced by two companies (Pfizer, Moderna) uses mRNA coding for part of the spike protein of the virus. The virus uses the spike protein to invade human cells where it replicates. Is it surprising that the mRNA must be stabilized with chemicals that need ultra-cold or frozen storage to protect the mRNA from degradation before it causes human muscle cells to make the spike protein? Why not just inject the double-stranded cDNA that codes for the spike protein of the virus? What additional step or steps would you need to use to get the human muscle cells to produce the spike protein if the cDNA was injected to serve as the virus?
- Which of the following experimental results was NOT evidence that DNA is the genetic molecule rather than proteins? a. When a virus was radioactively labelled, and the virus was allowed to infect a bacteria cell, radioactive virus DNA was found inside the bacteria cell while radioactive virus proteins were found outside the cell. b. Dead pathogenic bacteria cells combined with living nonpathogenic bacteria cells caused the creation of living pathogenic cells and thus the death of the host animal. c. Proteins are a class of macromolecules with the diversity and specificity needed for hereditary material. d. Nucleotide bases occur regularly, such that the number of adenines = number of thymines, and the number of guanines = number of cytosines.You are studying a new virus with a DNA genome of 12 Kb. It can synthesize DNA at a rate of 400 nucleotides per second. If the virus uses rolling-circle replication, how long will it take to replicate its genome? Answer only for the first strand; ignore replication along the displaced strand. O 7.5 seconds O 15 seconds O 30 seconds O 1 minute O 2 minutesGiven the following stretch of mRNA, what would be the sequence of the corresponding non-template DNA? 5' - UUG-CAA-UCG-CAG-UGC-CGC-AUA-GAU - 3' Group of answer choices 3' - AAC-GTT-AGC-GTC-ACG-GCG-TAT-CTA - 5' 5' - TTG-CAA-TCG-CAG-TGC-CGC-ATA-GAT - 3' 5' - AAC-GTT-AGC-GTC-ACG-GCG-TAT-CTA - 3' 3' - AAC-GUU-AGC-GUC-ACG-GCG-UAU-CUA - 5' 3' - TTG-CAA-TCG-CAG-TGC-CGC-ATA-GAT - 5'
- RNA was extracted from certain virus and found to contain 35% cytosine. With this information, is it possible to predict what percentage of the bases in virus are adenine? If so, what percentage? If not, why not?Which of the following statements below is incorrect? * A. the genetic code is overlapping B. the genetic code is universal C. degenerate codon specify the same amino acids D. the genetic code is triplet Which protein can break covalent bond? * A. Helicase B. Primase C. SSB D. DNA gyrase What is the complementary hnRNA base sequence produced from the DNA base sequence 5' C-T-A-T-A-C 3'? * A. 3' C-A-T-A-T-C 5' B. 3' G-A-T-A-T-G 5' C. 3' G-A-U-A- U-G 5' D. 3' C-U-A-U-A-G 5' Which of the following statements concerning the " cloverleaf" shape of tRNA molecules is correct? * A. four hairpin loops are present B. three hairpin loops and one open end are present C. two hairpin loops and two open ends are present…A genetics instructor designs a laboratory experiment to study the effects of UV radiation on mutation in bacteria. In the experiment, the students spread bacteria on petri plates, expose the plates to UV light for different lengths of time, place the plates in an incubator for 48 hours, and then count the number of colonies that appear on each plate. The bacteria that have received more UV radiation should have more pyrimidine dimers, which block replication; thus, fewer colonies should appear on the plates exposed to UV light for longer periods. Before the students carry out the experiment, the instructor warns them that while the bacteria are in the incubator, the students must not open the incubator door unless the room is darkened. Why should the bacteria not be exposed to light?
- If a virus particle contained double-stranded B-DNA of 400,000 base pairs, A. What would be the length (in Angstroms) of the DNA before packing into the virus? B. What would be the radius of the DNA fiber before packing into the virus?A viral protein has a 20 amino acid amino acid chain consisting of the following primary structure: A-G-L-F-A-F-P-P-W-G-G-V-C-M-G-L-G-A-M-C In what places could these amino acids be found? a) Inside the hydrophobic core of a protein b) In a membrane that encloses the virus c) On the outside of a protein d) In a virus nail on the surface of the virusthe human immunodeficiency virus HIV uses RNA rather than DNA to encode genetic information. During infection, however, HIV uses an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase to generate double-stranded DNA. Generally speaking, how would the enzyme generate a double strand of DNA from a single strand of RNA?