The article “Americans are ‘Getting the Wrong Idea’on Alcohol and Health” (Associated Press, April 19, 2005)reported that observational studies in recent years thathave concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be mis-leading. The article refers to a study conducted by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention that showedthat moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers. Explain why the existence of these potentially con-founding factors prevent drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heartdisease.

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The article “Americans are ‘Getting the Wrong Idea’
on Alcohol and Health” (Associated Press, April 19, 2005)
reported that observational studies in recent years that
have concluded that moderate drinking is associated
with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be mis-
leading. The article refers to a study conducted by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed
that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better
educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers.
Explain why the existence of these potentially con-
founding factors prevent drawing the conclusion that
moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart
disease.

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