Psychology: Deceit Aldrich Ames is a convicted traitor who leaked American secrets toa foreign power. Yet Ames took routine lie detector tests and each time passed them.How can this be done? Recognizing control questions, employing unusual breathingpatterns, biting one's tongue at the right time, pressing one's toes hard to the floor,and counting backward by 7 are countermeasures that are difficult to detect but canchange the results of a polygraph examination (Source: Lies! Lies!! Lies!!! ThePsychology of Deceit, by C. V. Ford, professor of psychiatry. University of Alabama). Infact, it is reported in Professor Ford's book that after only 20 minutes of instruction by“Buzz" Fay (a prison inmate). 85% of those trained were able to pass the polygraphexamination even when guilty of a crime. Suppose that a random sample of ninestudents (in a psychology laboratory) are told a "secret" and then given instructions onhow to pass the polygraph examination without revealing their knowledge of thesecret. What is the probability that(a) all the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?(b) more than half the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?(c) no more than four of the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?(d) all the students fail the polygraph examination?
Psychology: Deceit Aldrich Ames is a convicted traitor who leaked American secrets to
a foreign power. Yet Ames took routine lie detector tests and each time passed them.
How can this be done? Recognizing control questions, employing unusual breathing
patterns, biting one's tongue at the right time, pressing one's toes hard to the floor,
and counting backward by 7 are countermeasures that are difficult to detect but can
change the results of a polygraph examination (Source: Lies! Lies!! Lies!!! The
Psychology of Deceit, by C. V. Ford, professor of psychiatry. University of Alabama). In
fact, it is reported in Professor Ford's book that after only 20 minutes of instruction by
“Buzz" Fay (a prison inmate). 85% of those trained were able to pass the polygraph
examination even when guilty of a crime. Suppose that a random sample of nine
students (in a psychology laboratory) are told a "secret" and then given instructions on
how to pass the polygraph examination without revealing their knowledge of the
secret. What is the probability that
(a) all the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?
(b) more than half the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?
(c) no more than four of the students are able to pass the polygraph examination?
(d) all the students fail the polygraph examination?
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