Why can acetylcholine (or other signaling molecules) have so many different effects?

Q: What is an example of Direct Contact signaling? O Gap junctions O synatpic cleft testosterone…

A: Cell Signalling:  Cell signalling is the process by which specific information is conveyed from the…

Q: Which Membrane receptors are important in hormonal signalling ?

A: The transmembrane proteins are considered membrane receptors. The main function of membrane…

Q: What is neuroendocrine signalling?

A: Answer- There are some cells that are present in the pituitary and hypothalamus gland that recieves…

Q: Which of the following is NOT involved in signal transduction by the p-adrenergic receptor pathway…

A: Beta adrenergic receptor is a G protein coupled receptor. It consists of a multi-pass transmembrane…

Q: How are autocrine and paracrine signaling different?

A: According to the cell theory laid out by Matthias Jakob Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolf…

Q: The same second messengers are used in many different cells, but the response to second messengers…

A: cAMP, IP3, and DAG are some common secondary messengers. Usually they are the common links in the…

Q: Compare and contrast receptors associated with polar and nonpolar signaling molecules.

A: Receptors are the molecules of proteins in the target cell on the surface of the cell. There are two…

Q: Cell signals with short effects ONLY on the cell which produced the signal in the first place are?…

A: In Juxtacrine signaling, the signaling molecules act on the receptor proteins of adjacent responding…

Q: Compound C is a pharmaceutical agent that blocks AMPK activity

A: AMPK is s kind of energy sensor which helps in cell growth and regulates  metabolism. This enzyme…

Q: An unknown ion is flowing out of a neuron, creating an inhibitory response.  This unknown ion…

A: Question -   An unknown ion is flowing out of a neuron, creating an inhibitory response.  This…

Q: second messanger camp and IP3

A: Hormones are the first messengers that play a major role in the regulation of physiological…

Q: List the ions that contribute to electrical signaling in neurons and what side of the neuron their…

A: Nerve cells also called neuron communicate by generating electric signal ans also through the…

Q: How is it that different cells can respond in differ-ent ways to exactly the same signaling molecule…

A: The cell is known as the building block of life. All living things are composed of billions of cells…

Q: Describe one way in which endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and contact-dependent signaling pathways…

A: Essential to the survival of every cell is to monitor  the environment and to respond to external…

Q: How is the response to a signal regulated? Why is it often specific? Expain step by step in simple…

A: The signal transduction pathway includes signaling molecules that bind to their receptors.

Q: What are the different effects that calcium ions have as second messengers? Where are most of the…

A: The cell signaling is the process of cell communication within the body. It is the ability of cells…

Q: When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following?…

A: Introduction:  G-proteins referred to as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, that are required for…

Q: In terms of their relative duration of signaling, which of the following is the odd one out? O…

A: In Paracrine signalling,the cells release the signals to bind on target cells located at short…

Q: What is the difference between a G protein and a receptor tyrosine kinase? Give an example of a…

A: Proteins are synthesized from the polypeptide molecules and function in several metabolic roles.

Q: Different cell types in the human body can respond in completely different ways to the same…

A: Cell signaling pathways involve signals and receptors that come in many varieties, and their binding…

Q: Why do peptide and steroid hormones bind different kinds of receptor, and how does this difference…

A: Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and are the chemical messenger that mediates communication…

Q: Explain how each of the following is a signaling molecule, an effector molecule or an adaptor…

A: Introduction :- Ligands, a broad name for compounds that bind selectively to other molecules, are…

Q: Which chemical signaling affects neighboring cells? Group of answer choices neuron autocrine…

A: Cells typically communicate using chemical signals. These chemical signals, which are proteins or…

Q: Which is a correct explanation of an aspect within G protein signaling pathway? ATP powers the G…

A: GPCRs are the cell surface receptors that transmit signals intracellularly via the action of G…

Q: When a signal molecule (hormone) binds at a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein

A: GPCR signaling pathway is the cell surface receptor mediated signaling pathway, in which G protein…

Q: why  is a cell unable to respond to epinephrine signaling

A: * common goal of signalling pathways is to to produce cellular response, a signal is released by the…

Q: Select the correct order of signal transduction / cell communication / cell signaling.

A: Series of molecules that relay signals inside a cell are known as signal transduction. This cell…

Q: The two major types of cell-surface receptors that bind tohormone molecules are G-protein linked…

A: Cell-surface receptors are proteins that bind to foreign ligand molecules on the cell surface,…

Q: Mutations in which of the following would MOST DIRECTLY affect the cAMP signaling pathway?…

A: Introduction :- Cell signalling is the process through which extracellular signals from the outside…

Q: Sort the following items based on which stage they are involved in: reception, transduction or…

A: A Signaling pathway is a series of events that occur between reception (or receiving of signal) to…

Q: Choose the signaling or type of receptor for each

A: Dear student. Answer:- 1)This is an inhibitory type of receptor mainly found in CNS.GABA(gamma…

Q: Which statement best describes how information is transmitted from molecule to molecule in ALL…

A:

Q: How does the binding of cAMP activate the kinase

A: Kinase is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy,…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes autocrine signalling? O A cell communication…

A: Option 1 is correct-  A cell communication mechanism in which the signalling molecules binds to the…

Q: When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor, (a) G proteins are inactivated (b) a third…

A: In general, genetic information within organisms is stored in chromosomes, where it is represented…

Q: Match each description with the appropriate receptor The receptors activated by V[ Choose ] Receptor…

A: Receptors are protein molecules usually on the surface specific to ligands which generate the immune…

Q: Production of thyroid hormone by cells in the thyroid gland in response to thyroid-stimulating…

A: Hormones are chemical compounds that function in the body as messenger molecules. They are created…

Q: What happens when a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a responding cell?

A: Cell signaling is the central cycle by which unique data is moved from the cell surface to the…

Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the G protein signaling pathways? a. The binding of the…

A: The guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) cell signaling pathway is involved in many…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes autocrine signalling? O A cell communication…

A: cytokines  are the family of the small protein that mediate an organisms response to injury or…

Q: Compare and contrast the receptors and signalling cascade, and the physiological roles for two…

A: * Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers of the body which are used by the nervous system to…

Q: Which of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone…

A: Second messenger system: They are intramolecular signaling molecules released by the cell in…

Q: Which of the following is true of both GPCR signaling and steroid hormone signaling? They both…

A: Hormonal signaling involves the following steps: ... Transport of the hormone to the target cell(s)…

Q: Hedgehog, the signal, does not travel very far to bind to its receptor, Patched, on target cells.…

A: The specific signalling molecules are released from the source cells or signalling cells that…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.