Acid-base extraction

Grignard reagent by reacting with alkyl or aryl halide and to ultimately react the Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide in order to produce carboxylate. The formed carboxylate is then protonated with an acid to produce carboxylic acid that could be used with liquid-liquid extraction to isolate the unknown acid from the other products from side reactions. The final unknown product is identified by measuring the melting point and calculating the molecular weight obtained from titration. Organometallic compounds

experiment for DNA extraction, series of molecular analyses conducted such as, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymerase Chain Reaction clean-up, Cycle Sequencing, Cycle Sequencing clean-up and some online tools and software were used to determine which animal corresponded to the unknown tissue sample obtained in the beginning of the experiment. After all the procedures, had been conducted, the unknown DNA was identified to be Cervus Elaphus. Introduction: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary

The first part of the experiment, 3.001g of a biphenyl/p-toluidine sample was obtained. The solid sample was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane. A TLC was constructed with a 20% EtOAc/Hexane as the solvent system; after it was completed, Rf values and observation were recorded. The solution was then added to the separatory funnel, making sure that the stopcock of it is closed before the solution is added. After that, 10ml of 3M HCL solution was added into the separatory funnel. The stopper of

sets of chromosomes (octoploid) which make strawberries ideal for DNA extraction. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating molecule holding most of the genetic Figure 1.1 This figure shows DNA is composed of four different types of nucleotides (A,G,C,T) connected

There is a common use of Kinetin in plant tissue culture since when added it will promote cell division to initiate shoot tissues from calluses of the plant. Kinetin is a type of cytokinin hormone. In regards to auxin related hormones, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is also commonly used since it promotes the initiation of roots for the root tissue of the plant. In this

I. Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg Powder Purpose: The purpose of the trimyristin experiment was to extract a pure compound, trimyristin, from its complex mixture, nutmeg, and purify it via recrystallization. Procedure: Began by adding 4 grams of nutmeg powder and 50 mL of ethyl acetate to a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Stir the mixture with a magnetic stir bar at room temperature for 35- 40 min, the trimyristin will quickly dissolve in ethyl acetate because they both are part of the ester

1. Introduction Heterogeneous catalysts are extensively used in the chemical or oil industries to purify and upgrade various feeds and to improve process efficiency, commonly consisting of metals supported on porous materials like alumina or silica. During operations, these catalysts deactivate with its periodical use [1], through structural changes, poisoning, or the deposition of external materials, and are sent to on-site or off-site regeneration plants. However, the regeneration of spent catalysts

In this essay, we will observe the structure of DNA, DNA replication and how scientist visualizes DNA. First off, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, resides in the nucleus of every living cell. DNA structure was understood more by Rosalind Franklin with the help of other biologists later on during the year, to describe the twisted ladder or double helix structure of DNA. It must go through a complex task called DNA replication to duplicate itself to form two identical DNA molecules. However, for us to

Fischer Esterification 5. Introduction In this experiment, the Fischer Esterification of an unknown acid and an unknown alcohol was used to prepare an unknown ester. Sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst in the reaction which then was put under reflux. After cooling, the pH of the solution was raised to approximately 8 using sodium carbonate. Diethyl ether was added, then the aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed with sodium chloride. The aqueous layer was removed again and sodium

reaction, the alcohol group needs to be detached from the molecule for the chlorine to bind; thus the alcohol is called the leaving group. It does not constitute a good leaving group, since if it's departure took place, the resulting OH- would be a strong base. However, if exposed to a sufficiently acidic environment, the alcohol group could be protonated and become -H2O+, which is a much more effective leaving group. This leaving group can then be replaced by a nucleophile, but there are two different manners