Ali MacGraw

Our Interpretation is Our Reality When an author begins to write a book they usually have a certain purpose in mind. They might want to convey a message or simply entertain their reader. In the three Abrahamic texts that we read; Genesis, Matthew, and the Quran, some would argue that the author 's purpose was to create a blueprint for how humans should live their lives; a rather daunting and consequential task. The main problem is written text, and especially text that was written in 1,400 BC,

Mohammad’s creation of a trans-tribal state occurred during his population of Medina. After he was persecuted in Mecca, Mohammad sought refuge in Medina. After successfully gaining protection from its tribes Mohammad sought to make Medina a better place. Mohammad immediately planted crops, created employment, found water alternatives, and created a town center. After surpassing necessities Mohammad moved on to his ultimate goal- a unified, religious state. Mohammad sought to make Medina a monotheistic

Maryam Al-Harthy Dr. Abdullah Al-Arian History 04 September 2017 Rise of the Islamic Empire “O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.” (Quran 5:67) Prophet Muhammad PBUH, was born to a branch of Quraish family. He was born to Abdullah Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib and Amna Bint Wahab in the year 570 C. He received his

Introduction Islam is a monotheistic religion that started in Arabia (1). It was founded by the prophet Muhammad and during the first century of its creation, it spread throughout Arabia and beyond (12). Muslims believe that Muhammad saw visions of the angel Gabriel telling him the of the wisdoms of God. Today, Islam is the second largest religion in the world and just like other major world religions, there are divisions that exist in Islam. What must be the most significant division is the division

that were seen as historic validation of Muslim belief and claims. The Shiah are the followers of Ali, Muhammad’s Cousin. They believe that leadership should stay in the family of the prophet and thus pass to its senior male member, Ali. They were thwarted twice: when Ali wasn’t appointed as the first caliph and when Muawiya seized the caliphate from Ali. Later on, they convinced Husayn, the son of Ali, to lead a rebellion against Yazid, Muawiya’s son. However, Husayn didn’t get the support they promised

The Muslim Dilemma Influence, political power and envy triggered the tensions between two groups that we know as the Sunni and the Shiites during ancient Muslim history. This major problem began in the mid 1600s and caused Islam to divide into two immensely large groups. The Islamic community had two different opinions on who they thought should be the supreme leader, or caliph. This caused a major division among the empire which caused a downfall for the empire. Sunni, or followers of the Sunna

Muhammad, four different caliphs were selected in different times; all of them were close to the prophet in his time. The Muslim nation at that time were distributed into two groups who thought that Ali is the right successor of Muhammad, and other was the one that decided to have the three caliphs after which Ali was autonomously selected by the crowd (Nicholson, 2010). Last three of the caliphs were assassinated during their regime. The chaotic environment that was created after the death of Muhammad

“The dispute over the succession of Muhammad led to the battle of Jamal and battle of Siffin”. When this happened it caused civil war across Islam and led to the death of Hussein bin ali. “The Shiites believed that the successor of the prophet Muhammad should stay within his family bloodline”. This led to an argument between the Sunni and Shiites that caused a split between the the Sunni and Shiite. The Sunni believed that the leadership

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr 3. Hazrat Umar 4. Hazrat Usman 5. Hazrat Ali 6. Hazrat Talha 7. Hazrat Zubair 8. Hazrat Sa’ad ibn Abi Waqqas 9. Hazrat Sa’id Ibn Zayd 10. Abdur-Rahman bin A’aowf 11. Abu Ubaydah bin Al-Jirrah Introduction Among the Sahaaba is a group of ten Companions who are known by the title Ashrah Mubash-sharah which means the ten Sahaaba about who Rasullullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) gave the glad tidings of Janaat. Rasullullah

Although the caliphs were not prophets, their centralized purpose was to continue the straight path of Prophet Muhammad, politically, economically, and spiritually. During the rule of the 4 caliphates, Abu Baker, Umar Ibn Al- Khattab, Uthman Ibn Affan and Ali, the Muslims underwent a series of developments, movements, and conquests. The Islamic caliphates in the post Prophethood time period, provided leadership and social unity for Middle Eastern communities to follow into modern times. The caliphates represented