Executive functions

A comparison between the characteristics of students with high self-determination and risky outcomes of students with learning disabilities and ADHD reveal a connection. On one hand, those with high self-determination show class engagement, motivation, and positive self-esteem (Linnenbrink-Garcia & Patall). On the other hand, those with disabilities show disengagement or dropout, demotivation or amotivation, and low self-esteem (American Psychological Association, 2013; Cortiella & Horowitz, 2012)

Exercise and Cognitive Function 1 Media Critique: Does Exercise Increase Cognitive Function? HPS 3790 Fitness Programs for Children, Adolescents, and Adults Matthew Trujillo 11/8/16 Most of the time when exercise is being performed, it is perceived that there is a need or want to become healthy, or stay healthy. When the word healthy comes to mind the first instinct is to think of the health of the body; to lose weight, tone the muscles, increase strength. Today there is a big focus

learning of, and less confidence in, information presented by unreliable individuals? (3) Does children’s source monitoring of unreliable individuals directly predict their learning from such individuals? (4) Do related cognitive skills, such as executive function and theory of mind, relate to children’s source monitoring and learning from unreliable individuals? By answering these questions, the proposed project will integrate and inform the disparate literatures on young children’s source monitoring

Despite advances in pharmacotherapies over the last few decades, behavioral treatments remain an important component, and often the only evidenced-based component, for the treatment of various substance use disorders. Among those with the strongest level of empirical support from randomized clinical trials are 1) contingency management, where abstinence or other targeted outcomes are reinforced with incentives (Higgins et al., 1991; Petry, 2006), 2) cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches specific

This suggests that he retained less of the story details than same-aged peers and may have been cognitively overwhelmed with the amount of auditory-verbal information he was asked to retain, which may have greatly exceeded his immediate memory span. He scored within Average range on a recognition task, in which he was asked to answer yes-no questions about each of the stories. Visual-Spatial Learning and Memory WMS-IV On the Visual Reproduction subtests of the WMS-IV, Xxx was asked to draw simple

The growing up in New Zealand study is a longitudinal study following around 7000 children and their families from across the wider Waikato and Auckland regions of New Zealand. Report one looks at the vulnerabilities and risks for children before they were born. A very interesting finding from this study is found in subsection 7.6 and looks at the maternal alcohol consumption for mothers with planned and unplanned children. The results from the study displayed that while a majority of mother

cognitive development. Studies after Peal and Lambert’s continued to show that bilingualism has more positive, beneficial outcomes rather than focus on the negative ones. These positive outcomes include better cognitive control abilities, improved executive functioning, and protection against cognitive decline. Therefore, knowing two languages is greater than knowing just one. To continue the discussion around the Peal and Lambert study, they noted that many of the earlier studies done on bilingualism

However, if these executive function skills, including self-regulation are impacted depending on SES, then some children are restricted from taking advantage of their entire education. According to Kozol, “the present per-pupil spending level in the New York City schools is $11,700, which may be compared with a per-pupil spending level in excess of $22.00 in the well-to-do suburban distract of Manhasset, Long Island” (Kozol, 2005, 6). Additionally, Manhasset has moved forward in their per-pupil

An Alternative Explanation of the Immediate Impact of Television on Young Children’s Executive Function Some previous studies have suggested a longitudinal association between attention problems and early television viewing. However, Lillard and Peterson’s famous study has provided us an explanation of the relationship between the different types of television shows and young children’s executive function. They predicted the possibility of shot-term negative effects of television watching coming

Executive Functions Executive functions (EF) are a subarea of neuropsychological functions and refer to a group of both unidimensional and multidimensional abilities that assist in “goal-oriented tasks involving problem solving” (Gioia & Isquith, 2004). EF is an “umbrella construct defined as the control, supervisory, or self-regulatory functions that organize and direct all cognitive activity, emotional response, and overt behavior” (Gioia and Isquith, 2004). Stuss and Benson (1986) describe EF