Expected utility hypothesis

slow, easy-to-listen-to music were played. After some serious thought, he started thinking that he should hire a business researcher to design an experiment for testing the influence of music tempo on shopper behavior. Independent variables are expected to determine the outcomes of interest. Dependent variables are the outcomes interest to the researcher and the decision makers. (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, & Griffin, 2010). The dependent variable refers to the status of the 'effect '(or outcome) in

historical institutionalism analysis in examining the effect of institution to the outcome. According to Thelen (1999), institution can be both endogenous and exogenous variables and it depends on the literature that we applied to generate the hypothesis. Institution is independent variable when we apply the rational choice institutionalism. A group of researchers who work based on the rational choice institutionalism tend to find the generalization across time and countries, offer deductive method

Attachment Styles and Friendship Maintenance Friendships are considered one of the most essential forms of emotional support for humans. Healthy emotional support provides a level of security for individuals and a place to feel cared for and loved. However, friendships are not studied and researched nearly as much as romantic relationships. Friendships are just an important part of maintaining a healthy well-being but little research ahs been done into the processes and maintenance of friendships

Motivation affects nearly 75% of K-12 learners in education. It is a problem that effects students' learning ability, causing them to detach from the classroom setting, which later results in failure on standardize tests. Motivation is very essential in education. It implicates the reason of a child's actions and behaviors in a particular way. The theoretical background for this study centers around ways students' interest level arises and fails, and what strategies and activities motivates them

option. The third step is to obtain information on each option. In this step, the possibility of each outcome occurring should be assessed and then the outcomes should be separated into desirable and undesirable outcomes. The fourth step is to compare utility values and the fifth step is to perform sensitivity analysis (97-98). 3.) Define the two different types of meta-analysis. A qualitative meta-analysis is “a systemic review of the literature on a particular topic” (99). Different articles on the

value of +1.00 represents a perfect positive correlation. A value of 0.00 represents a lack of correlation. Correlations are very useful because they can indicate a predictive relationship that can be exploited in practice. For example, an electrical utility may produce less power on a mild day based on the correlation between electricity demand and weather. In this example there is a causal relationship, because extreme weather causes people to use more electricity for heating or cooling; however, statistical

Bias in Financial Reports This essay examines sources of bias in financial reports and therefore considers a range of principles and theories. Users of financial statements need the information contained in financial reports to be free from bias. Users would prefer that financial statements present a balanced view of a company's affairs, one that attempts to convey information as neutrally as possible. This preference occurs because more information equates to less uncertainty. The more information

(Sharma, et al., 2004), (Melanson, et al., 2007). It is thus expected the pathology of a patient with a myocardiac infraction to have negligible amounts of CTnI in the serum right after the onset of chest pain, and CTnI to be present in the serum at 12 or so hours. Therefore, At 12 hours after presentation to the hospital

than it will be for those with high ability levels. Because competence in handling problems on the job can prevent deleterious effects of role difficulties, Schuler hypothesized that ability is a "buffer" against role stressors. Building on this hypothesis, Mossholder and his colleagues (Mossholder, Bedeian, & Armenakis, 1981, 1982) proposed that self-esteem will indicate employee ability in organizations. They theorized that an individual's self-perceived ability—or self-esteem—is a function of that

(Baker, 1997). Lyons (1990) writes that the ‘Lau Remedies’ specified how to identify and evaluate language minority students, determine appropriate instruction, decide when ELLs were ready for mainstream, and determine the professional standards expected of teachers serving language minority students. Under the Lau Remedies school districts were encouraged to provide