General semantics

Three different levels of assessments have been selected to assess Tama in specific language domains. These assessments identify skills that a child has or does not in particular areas of communication. Information from the referral suggests that the semantic and pragmatic domains require investigation of Tama’s current language skills and whether they are typical for a child of 4 years 2 months. Assessment Tools MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories (CDI)-words and sentences is a level

pre-modification of words such as “radicalism” with “rising” and “damage” with “seriously” also emphasises the seriousness of the situation. The vocabulary is quite sophisticated, as expected due to the type of newspaper and is from a war semantic field, containing words such as “direct breach”, “expulsion”, “army”, “law” and “extremists”. Direct and indirect speech is

their destinations or hearts of the listeners. This study investigates aspects of the meaning of proverbs in the work of a Nigerian author, Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It is contended that meanings of Nigerian proverbs can be worked out within the semantic, referential, ideational, stimulus-response, realist and contextual theories. Types of meaning and proverbs are addressed and situated within the two works. It is advanced that proverbs play significant roles in clarifying, exemplifying, underscoring

they have lost their sense of vulgar. This in turn ensures that the face needs of all interlocutors involved in a discourse are respected, which enables effective rapport building to occur within a particular sociolect or in Australian society in general. The wide employment of informal language in modern-day civilization also allows for an individual 's association with their cultures identity and values to be increased dramatically; which is especially vital in countries like Australia. This is

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Language is a means of communication used by human being. It is, of course, very important since it is used to interact with one another, convey the information from other human beings and express one’s feeling and emotion. The use of language is constructed in a special way depending on the topics, the participant and the situation. The expression of human beings which uses language is literature. There are three kinds of literature, such as: drama, poetry

4. Literature Review 4.1 Political Discourse: Before venturing into a theory of metaphor, a definition of the term "discourse" is due. Barker and Galasinki give a detailed account of the term's characteristics (2001). The first one of those features is the socially constitutive nature of discourse (p. 64). Since discourse is basically a social practice, language users employ it to construct social realities. Moreover, via use of discourse, patterns of domination, power, and bias among others can

they bind information from two or more modalities [3,7, 15, 24]. Thereafter, convergent zones then converge onto even higher cortices to form representations [13]. These supermodal areas could help capture the similarities and differences between semantic categories, allowing one to understand the difference between a ‘cat’ and ‘dog’, due to differences in the objects attributes, despite their similarity as pets. Also unclear is if emotion effects the representation of a concept, which

Most accounts of contextual variation in the meaning of a word, a sharp distinction is drawn between "one meaning" and "many meanings", that is to say, between monosemy and polysemy (Cruse, 2000:114). Akmajian, and et. al (2010: 235) state that he opposite of polysemy is monosemy (Greek single meaning ): a word is monosemous if it contains only a single meaning. According to Riemer (2010: 161), a word is monosemous if it has only a single meaning. Many technical terms are considered as monosemous

characters, as the primary location of this conflict. Languages as points of view Bakhtin viewed the modern novel as a literary form best suited for the exploitation of heteroglossia, in direct contrast to epic poetry (and, in a lesser degree, poetry in general). The linguistic energy of the novel was seen in its expression of the conflict between voices through their adscription to different elements in the novel's discourse. Any language, in Bakhtin's view, stratifies into many voices: "social dialects

George Orwell presumes, “The enemy of clear language is insincerity.” But what, exactly, is clear language? It is saying succinctly and plainly what is meant without the intention of offense. However, with the modern rules of adhering to a continuous doctrine of being, as dictionary.com says, “multiculturally sensitive,” it is almost impossible to state exactly what is meant. No one likes to be called offensive names or stereotypical slurs, but when considering such insults, words such as “racist