Myelin

Myelin is a spiral structure made of extensions of the plasma membrane of myelinating cells (Bunge et al, 1962; Peters et al., 1964). Myelin sheaths enwrap axonal regions forming the so called internodes, in a form of alternating concentric layers consisting of compact and non-compact myelin (Bunge et al, 1962; Peters et al., 1964; Baumann and Pham-Dinh, 2001) (Fig. 2.2). Compact myelin contains plasma membranes that are in close apposition, contain only little cytoplasm and comprise the majority

There are four different patterns of inflammation in the white matter that is associated with individuals with multiple sclerosis (Lassmann et. al. 2007).The first pattern of inflammation is associated with the demyelination caused by macrophage activity. This pattern of inflammation is characterized by perivascular demyelination with radial expansion and extensive remyelination. The second pattern of inflammation demyelination is associated with antibody and complement activity. The lesions exhibited

sclerosis, but relapses do lead to the development of permanent disability. Relapses include flare-ups followed by periods of remissions. These are caused by inflammation that takes place in the central nervous system (CNS), where it causes damage to the myelin sheath, thereby disrupting the nerve impulses

Multiple Sclerosis is a nervous system disease that disturbs the brain and spinal cord (Rolak,2005). Initially affects the myelin sheath, the material that covers and protects your nerve cells. Multiple Sclerosis causes demyelination (Rolak,2005). The nerve damage is caused by inflammation (Rolak,2005). Inflammation occurs when the body’s own immune cells attack the nervous system (Rolak,2005). This can happen in any area of the brain, optic nerve, or spinal cord (Rolak,2005). It is unknown what

nervous systems depend highly on the successful functionality of afferent and efferent neurons. Neurons are cells that have the ability to transmit sensory and motor messages throughout the body. These signals are promoted by electrically insulating myelin sheaths that surround the axons of neurons. These sheaths are produced by Schwann cells and other glial cells. When a neuron is damaged, a communicative circuit is compromised and essential signals cannot be transmitted throughout the body. A

Abstract Neurophysiology provides a range of important clinical investigations to that aid in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from neurological disease. This experiment investigates the mechanisms behind two pathologies pertaining to channelopathies and demyelination: epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. This is done using a patch clamp technique, a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. Conditions were simulated

Nerve: In the control group, sections of the nerve showed myelin sheaths wrapping around the axons which were centrally placed. The nuclei of the Schwan cells are elongated and oriented longitudinally. The transverse sections of the nerve showed the bundles of the axons covered by the perineurium. In the diabetic

Through inflammation and destruction of the myelin sheath covering nerves, irreversible damage slows, redirects, or stops nerve impulses. This is due to the fact that nervous tissue cannot repair itself resulting in plaques also referred to as MS lesions being left behind. Demyelination can occur

MS as well as treating MS patients. Dr. Bever and his research team were the first to create an MS treatment. They found that the addition of beta interferon into the central nervous system was shown to decrease autoimmune attacks on the axons and myelin, helping to decrease the symptoms of MS. Now beta interferon drugs such as Avonex are the most popular treatments for MS patients. Dr. Bever is also currently apart of a study with the VA Multiple Sclerosis Center of excellence working on new treatments

When the nerves of the body become damaged and no longer has the myelin sheath to protect them, then the damage causes the brain to fail to correctly transmit signals throughout the body. This causes the nerves to function irregularly which leads to problems with vision, balance, muscle control, and other basic body functions. Furthermore these problems can cause paralysis, fatigue, muscle weakness or muscle spasms, blurred vision or double vision, numbness and tingling, sexual problems, poor bladder