RNA

Gene splicing is simply explained as the addition of genes from one organism’s genome to another’s. This branch of science is focused on altering the DNA of organisms in ways such as enhancing plants and animals’ physical characteristics or on repairing the damaged genomes of humans. As with the alteration of anything to do with human life, the use of gene splicing on humans has raised a controversy over its ethics. Some people believe that gene splicing could be beneficial to the medical field while

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a fundamental role in the diversification of protein function and regulation. AS is the main contributor to cellular diversity, hence, the identification and quantification of differentially spliced transcripts in genome-wide transcript analysis are very important aspects (Conesa et al., 2016). AS is the main component in eukaryotic gene expression that increases coding capacity of the human genome (Tazi et al., 2009). It is frequently being used to produce tissue-specific

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (~55 to 65 nm), spherical enveloped virus that can cause major illness. Hepatitis C was discovered after the intense investigations between 1982 and 1988 in Chiron corporation. Michael Houghton discovered the non-A and non-B hepatitis by using the molecular approach. Hepatitis C affects liver caused by the hepatitis virus; the virus can cause acute and chronic hepatitis infection ranging from a mild illness to severity, lifelong illness. Mostly patients are affected

Characters of IBDV: 2.9.1.Properties of Birnaviruses: Virions are non-enveloped, hexagonal in outline, approximately 60 nm in diameter, with a single shell having icosahedral symmetry. Genome consists of two molecules of linear double-stranded RNA, designated A and B, approximately 6 kb p in overall size. Four structural proteins, and one or more non-structural proteins {RNApolymerase (transcriptase)}. Survives at 60 OC for 60 minutes; stable at PH 3 to PH 9. Member viruses occur in chickens

Scientists argue that active genes often associated with acetylated nucleosomes not because of epigenetic reasons but because of other reasons. One reason is that as genes are transcribed, their nucleosomes are removed and then replaced to make way for RNA polymerase which is involved in transcription. They argue that this nucleosome-replacement machinery works to replace one set of nucleosomes with others that are more highly acetylated. Therefore, nucleosome acetylation accompanies but does not cause

scientists have been able to construct their own RNA that guides the CRISPR-Cas9. This allows them to control the behavior of the CRISPR-Cas9. What this could mean for the future is overwhelming. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing tool that cuts out, replaces, and alters unwanted pieces of DNA. This process starts by scientists creating a synthetic RNA guide with a specific sequence. Upon entering the cell, the RNA guide meets up with the enzyme Cas9. The RNA then leads the Cas9 to a predetermined section

DNA RNA Double helix structure made of two DNA strands Made up of a single strand In DNA adenine base pairs with thymine In RNA adenine base pairs with uracil There is only one type of DNA There are three types of RNA; messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentose

releasing its genome into the host cell cytoplasm. Primary event followed by uncoating process is translation of ss (+) RNA of virus which serves as a, mRNA, translational template. Genome of HAV is a single stranded (+) RNA containing 5‘ nontranslated region (5‘ NTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF) , and a short 3’ NTR followed by a poly(A) tail(4). 5’ end of the RNA genome contains VPg protein bound to it. VPg acts as a primer during replication of viral genome. Host cell mRNA contains

RNA toxicity is based in the three-dimensional structure of mRNA and the creation of hairpin loops. Normally mRNA is completely linear but when the strand of mRNA is abnormally long it increases the likelihood of folding to occur. Long CAG repeats match C-G with an A-A Match. Figure 1 is several examples of mismatch formation that can result in RNA toxicity. As Figure 1 displays not all hairpin loop formations are singular

INTRODUCTION In eukaryotes, Usually the UGA acts as a stop codon in transcription but the elongation factor, known as SELB, has a C-terminal SECIS RNA binding domain and N-terminal Sec-tRNA domain, inserts the selenocystiene at the stop codon. An SECIS binding protein, known as SBP2 is found in mammals but it lacks EF functionality. We will describe the in vivo and in vitro associations of murine SEC-specific EF (eEFSec) element with SBP2 and SECIS in order to correlate their function in selenoprotein