Time-division multiplexing

Introduction The world lives a large evolvement in all life aspects. Everything moves in the comfort direction. One of these aspects is the technician aspect and it is an important part of everyone 's life as every thing around you become technician. In your room there is a TV, mobile, laptop...etc. Even most of kids ' toys became in need to a remote control. The wireless technology means no need to wires or cables. Wi-fi and Bluetooth are examples of that. Mobile wireless industry now is in the

layers that are physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer. The PHY help four particulars which are single carrier (MAN-SC), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). WiMAX PHY is founded on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing to creating transmitter to achieve high speed data transfer. Physical layers are intended for non-line of sight operation in frequency bands lower 11 GHz. As well, MAC layer

4. Advantages of Li-Fi • Light has 10000 times wider bandwidth than radio frequency so the capacity of data transfer will be better than that of Wi-Fi. • Instead of using radio wave, Li-Fi uses visible light for communication. • Data transmission through Li-Fi is very cheap as LED uses very less

Now a day’s communication is an important factor and requirement high data rate for the communication and also require the error free environment. So for these entire requirements we use OFDM. OFDM is used for both wired and wireless communication. OFDM belongs to a broader class of multicarrier modulation (MCM) in which the data information is carried over many lower rate subcarrier [1]. OFDM is a solution of intersymbol interference (ISI). ISI is caused by dispersive channel. As higher data rate

Key 4G Technologies Some of the key technologies required for 4G are briefly described below: 3.1 OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) not only provides clear advantages for physical layer performance, but also a framework for improving layer 2 performance by proposing an additional degree of free- dom. Using ODFM, it is possible to exploit the time domain, the space domain, the frequency domain and even the code domain to optimize radio channel usage. It ensures very robust

unrestricted communication at all time. Mobile telecommunication satisfied people's demand with the first generation (1G) and the second generation (2G). In the wake of development in multimedia and internet, most of telecommunication mobile networks operators have offered the third generation (3G) to the customers to replace 2G over the past two years. Currently, many ICT professionals and research

Disadvantages 8 Conclusion 9 References 9 Introduction Communication has always been one of the essential needs of humanity. In the past 20 years, communication systems have developed drastically in a small amount of time, as a result of the creation of Internet, the use of communication systems has been enhanced, allowing our modern technologies to function efficiently and fulfilling our needs as the industry grows. The industry is constantly looking for methods to

obtains the desired peak to average power ratio reduction with low computational complexity. The partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique has received much attention in reducing the high peak to average power ratio of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. However, the PTS technique requires an exhaustive search of all combinations of the allowed phase factors and the search

its achievements since its inception and its mission and targets. Born as a result of a spin-off of a unit of AT&T and relying on Bell Laboratories for its innovations, Lucent has expanded and grown at a tremendous rate in a very short time. Introduction Lucent Technologies Inc. was formed in November 1995, combining units of AT&T with that of Bell Labs. Lucent develops and manufactures communications systems, software and products. Lucent sells public and private

radio-access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility and that can readily coexist with HSPA and earlier networks. Because of scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to easily migrate from their networks and users from HSPA to LTE over time. LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet domain. It incorporates top-of-the-line radio techniques to achieve performance levels beyond what will be practical with CDMA approaches