Toluene

Experiment 4: Recrystallization of Pure Phthalic Acid, Benzoic Acid, and Naphthalene Charles Nyberg Gilbert Immanuel and Rachel Zigelsky Mussie Gide   Introduction Chemical experiments are often described, when they are finished, by the yield or recovery of the target product or solid. Also melting point can be tested to determine purity in a compound. Most times these chemicals are not completely pure so they can be recrystallized to remove the impurities. The technique of recrystallization learned

volume has a slightly better curve (Table 4A). The graph for cyclohexane and toluene was more linear (Table 4B). Furthermore, the mole fraction of cyclohexane and p-xylene was higher than the mole fraction of cyclohexane and toluene. For instance, the mole fraction of cyclohexane and p-xylene (when adding the mole fraction of the first ml and the last couple of drops) was 0.6604 while the mole fraction for cyclohexane and toluene was 0.13396. A higher mole fraction means that the compounds were purer

composed of isopropyl acetate and toluene in a 1:1 ratio and put it into a Hickman still to heat. While heating the sample, we observed that the solution was having difficulty reaching a boil, so we wrapped it with aluminum foil and turned up the vacuum. At 91°C, a slightly opaque white solution began filling up the empty flask. As the distillate grew, we suctioned it out and placed

MCH and Toluene are measured separately of its respective volume and weightage in accordance to the manipulated percentage composition. The unit for the EVA is grams of mass while MCH is in mL and toluene and butanol in mL. The total volume of inhibitor used is 0.4g. Thus, for example, if the percentage composition of sample prepared is 50% EVA, 10% MCH and 40% Toluene, then 0.2 g EVA is measured using a mass balance, 0.04 mL of MCH is measured using a micropipette and 0.16 mL of Toluene is measured

For the Bromination of Toluene lab the ratio of the ortho, meta and para ratio in the bromotoluene product mixture was determined using quantitative IR spectroscopy. For the toluene to be mixed with bromine it must undergo Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and it needs to be in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. Additionally, a metal staple must be used to generate a ferric bromide catalyst. The three products of brominating toluene are ortho-bromotoluene, meta-bromotoluene, and para-bromotoluene

from Acros Organics. Selenium powder (Se, 99.99 %), oleic acid (OLAC, 90 %), oleylamine (OLAM, 70 %) and acetic acid (99.7 %) are purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Toluene (99.9 %), 2-propanol (99.9 %), ethanol (90 %), acetonitrile (99.9 %), and formamide (FA, 99.6 %) are acquired from Fisher Scientific. P25 TiO2 and ethyl cellulose (5 % in toluene and ethanol) are supplied by Evonik Degussa Corporation and TCI, respectively. OLAC, OLAM, and FA are dried using standard procedures. Synthesis

Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to separate a mixture of hexane and toluene by collecting fractions through simple and fractional distillation. Because hexane’s boiling point is about 68°C and the boiling point of toluene is 111°C, the two compounds distill at different times. Pure products will be analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation. For easy separations, a simple distillation apparatus probably will suffice, but for more difficult separations

Jessie Nalley 24 October 2017 Sailajah Gukathasan Fractional Distillation of Hexane and Toluene Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to separate and purify the liquid components of a mixture with a known composition using a technique called fractional distillation. In order to do so, a liquid mixture is separated into three fractions in the first distillation; then, one of the fractions produced is redistilled to increase the purity of the liquid. Since two rounds of distillation occur

conversion of toluene increases sharply due to the presence of a large number of active sites available for the reactants. However, above catalyst loading of 7.66% although the surface area is provided for reaction, the increase in toluene conversion is negligible due to the shortage of limiting reactant in constant feed flow. The xylene yield and selectivity are also found to increase with increase in catalyst loading as shown in Figure 8. Figure 7: Effect of catalyst loading on toluene conversion

Distilling a Mixture of Cyclohexane and Toluene Lab partner: Chemistry 211 2/08/12 Goal: The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate a sample of cyclohexane and toluene using simple miniscale distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are acquired during the distillation process. It is expected that cyclohexane boils and distils before toluene. By gathering these measurements will allow us to determine refractive index