Yeast cells

Proteins are the building blocks of the cells. Without them our cells would not have the genetic code they need to build up our bodies. Proteins are synthesised or made in the ribosome with the help of DNA and RNA. DNA is a double helix, or a twisted ladder shape, found in the nucleus and contains the genetic code for organisms. RNA is found in the nucleus or in ribosomes and is composed of the nucleotides ribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. While in the nucleus, the RNA copies the genetic

the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) in a parent. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain one or more extra copies of the X chromosome as a result of nondisjunction. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have one or more extra X chromosomes in each of the body's cells.” If you didn’t know why it was

Symbiosis is when two or more different species live in direct and intimate contact with one another, and is at the very cornerstone of modern ecosystems. Symbiosis is a fundamental function of our modern ecosystem, and is responsible for the majority of evolutionary developments. Without symbiosis, the delicately evolved modern ecosystem would not exist as almost every organism relies on another organism (Douglas,2010). This development of the ecosystem has resulted in the three separate types of

which gives a butterfly it’s unique colors, the length of its antennas DNA happens to be called amino acids. Before a caterpillar goes into it’s chrysalis it begins to eat a lot of food so it’s able to store energy which is a way of storing lipids. Cells As a caterpillar begins to go inside it’s chrysalis it has 4 stages where it sheds it skin. Butterflies are considered autotrophs because they feed off other organisms.

testing, safe application, and observations taken for generations, the potential good that could come from being able to edit human embryos would outweigh the potential hazards. CRISPR/Cas9, a system of molecules used to change the DNA in adult human cells and animal embryos, is used to eradicate devastating genetic diseases in humans before birth. CRISPR identifies the target DNA, which shows Cas9 the correct strands to slice (“CRISPR Treats Genetic Disorder”, 2016). This process has

Introduction: Metazoan body contains trillions of bacteria which live in symbiotic relationship with their host (Human Microbiome Project, 2012). Microbiota plays a crucial role in numerous metabolic processes such as digestion, immunity, nutrient metabolism. Microbial community present in a particular niche or organ has a specific functional capacity which contributes to survival and fitness of host (Costello et. al., 2009; Turnbaugh et. al., 2009a). Disturbances in microbial community relate to

as well as understanding more about life. Scientists (or humans in general) would have full control over the new created life because of the chemical dependencies and predators that scientists will use to control outcomes. Scientists will keep the cells dependent on chemicals so that if they were to somehow “escape”, they wouldn’t be able to survive in the world without the chemicals (Kotulak). Also with all the bacteria in the world, that has evolved over billions of years, the artificially created

Genetics research has had a number of huge breakthroughs in the last 10 years. Researchers were able to identify and isolate genes that have been linked to heart disease, breast cancer, cystic fibrosis, and many other ailments. However this knowledge could be less of a blessing and more of a curse. Many doctors are now asking, who has the right to know? In one instance a pair of dwarf parents said that they would abort any fetus which did not carry the mutation for dwarfism, regardless of how healthy

There are “8,000 humans waiting for a life saving [organ] transplant,”. These people are unable to get organs because there is not enough human organs for the people who need them. With this epidemic scientists and doctors turn to pigs for the answer. “Pig organs are anatomically similar to humans,” states surgeon C. Growth. The problem with pig-to-human xenotransplantation is that pigs contain proviruses, such as PERVs, that are harmful to humans. With new technology, geneticists have found a way

envelope (lamina), and makes the nucleus unstable. It is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene that produces an abnormal protein. This abnormal protein is called progerin, and it causes the process of premature ageing in an individual. Eukaryotic cells contain a sphere-shaped nucleus that protects the genetic information (DNA) and separates it from the cytoplasm. The nucleus itself is protected by a double membrane called, the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is made up of nuclear membranes