Introduction to Federal Taxation - Week Four

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Introduction to Federal Taxation: Homework Week Four Solange Sanchez ACCT 553 Professor. Khaled Abdel Ghany 3/23/2024
Question 13 – Chapter 13 In which of the following cases must the taxpayer annualize its income for a period of less than 12 months? Alpha Corporation was formed on August 17 and decided to report on the calendar year. Beta Corporation was formed on March 8 and decided to use the fiscal year ending July 31. Gamma Corporation has been using a fiscal year ending April 30 and changed to a calendar year. Zeta Corporation, a calendar-year corporation, was liquidated on September 23. The company that would need to annualize its income would be option C as it involves a change in the reporting period, where Gamma Corp transitions from a fiscal year to a calendar year, resulting in a period of less than 12 months. Question 18 – Chapter 13 When considering the cash method versus the accrual method of accounting: Is there any type of business that must be on the cash method? Is there any type of business that must be on the accrual method? What kind of business has a choice? a. No. There is no type of business that must be on the cash method. However, the cash method must be used if a taxpayer does not keep regular book necessary for the accrual method. b. Yes. C corporations and partnerships with C corporations as a partner may use the cash method only if they meet the $29 million gross receipts test (in 2023). Tax shelters are not allowed to use the cash method of accounting. Exceptions for cash method: c. Any business not specifically disallowed from using the cash method has a choice between the cash method and the accrual method.
Question 16 – Chapter 14 Why might a high debt-equity ratio be tax advantageous? According to our book, “high debt-equity ratios are subject to IRS investigation and could lead to debt being classified as equity.” The reason a high debt to equity ratio makes is advantageous is because debt is taxed once while equity funding is taxed twice. Classifying funding as debt as opposed to equity produces tax advantages for the corporation, as seen on the below sample from our book: Question 56 – Chapter 14 Courtney Vile and Kurt Barnett form Radical Inc. Courtney contributes a building with a $120,000 adjusted basis, with a $150,000 fair market value, and subject to a $100,000 mortgage in exchange for 50 shares of Radical worth $50,000. Kurt contributes inventory that has a $55,000 adjusted basis and a fair market value of $50,000 in exchange for 50 shares of Radical. What are the tax consequences to Courtney and Kurt? What basis will Radical have in the property received? The tax consequences to Courtney and Kurt are: Courtney has a basis of $20,000 in her radical stock and recognized no gain or loss (Basis in stock is: $120,000 – $100,000 = $20,000) She does have to consider that the liability relief of $100,000 means her amount realized on the contribution of the property is $150,000 (fair market value) minus the $100,000 mortgage she is relieved of. Meaning to say that the amount realized is $50,000. This does not result in taxable gain since the stock received is also considered to be $50,000, and she defers the gain into the stock. Kurt has a basis of $55,000 in his radical stock and recognizes no gain or loss. This is because we are using his adjusted basis.
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