Case Study 1_Richard Cotton

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Saint Leo University *

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505

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Accounting

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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6

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Case Study 1: Cantaloupe Inc Accounting Fraud Case Study 1: Cantaloupe Inc Accounting Fraud Richard Cotton Saint Leo University Fraud Examination ACC-505-MBOL1 Professor C'Lamt Ho 1
Case Study 1: Cantaloupe Inc Accounting Fraud 1.) To start, Cantaloupe Inc formerly known as USAT Inc during the time of the incident was charged by the SEC with financial statement fraud for improper revenue recognition. This was done by USAT through them using non-GAAP compliant accounting methods to bill for goods but hold them until the next quarter (Posner, 2023). This fraud occurred from the 3 rd quarter of FY2017 through the third 3rd of FY2018. The fraud was perpetrated by 2 executives pressuring clients to agree to purchases they did not want nor need and even if they declined would mark the sale as “bill to hold”. Later taking it off the books after the fiscal quarter has closed but still representing it in financial statements for the quarter. The conclusion of the case came after the total in overstated revenue was found to be $4.61 million in total between FY2017 and FY2018. The SEC lobbied a fine of 1.5 million dollars against the company as well as applying civil penalties to two executives totaling 90 thousand dollars (Brasseur, 2023). 2.) The fraud perpetrated by Cantaloupe Inc was the direct result of executive leadership namely the executive Vice President and Chief Services Officer at the time bypassing internal accounting controls. This was done by the two executives working together to pressure both external customers to comply with actions that would result in improper revenue recognition and by the executives pressuring internal staff. The external pressure was done through agreeing to make bad sales they knew would be returned or shipping incorrect products intentionally at the end of a quarter to recognize that revenue. The internal pressure was used to push financial reporting out on a faster than usual pace or altering terms and conditions within customer arrangements. This allowed these two executives who were receiving cash bonuses to achieve higher bonuses based upon the fraudulent numbers. 2
Case Study 1: Cantaloupe Inc Accounting Fraud 3.) The victims were the external customers as well as the shareholders of Cantaloupe Inc. First, the external customers over the course of the yearlong scheme were frequently shipped obsolete devices, defective products or were coerced in some fashion into deals they otherwise would not have made. All of these things were known to the executives perpetrating the fraud and was kept suppressed through the control they had within the organization. As for the other victim the shareholders of Cantaloupe they saw the stock price rise by 40% during the period this fraud was committed due to the financial overstatements (McGraw, 2023). This would mean that not only existing shareholders but new shareholders who decided based on potential dishonest information Cantaloupe was a good investment were deceived. As, after the fraud was uncovered the stock fell from $15.90 to $3.44 which is a 79% drop in value. Overall, even though the external customers were impacted I believe the bigger victim in this fraud scheme were the shareholders due to the drastic loss in stock value. 4.) From my research and reading over some sections of the textbook I’ve come to find that forensic investigation methods are not meant to be preventative. Due to the nature of financial statement fraud, it is nearly impossible trace every revenue streams a company has back to its source. So, with that in mind forensic investigation is meant to be a tool that is used as an analytical method to look into irregularities found within a financial report. Through methods such as analysis of digit patterns, combing through currently intact accounting policies within an organization that could be vulnerable to abuse and evaluating risk (Gottlieb, 2016). Digit patterns are a logic-based test that an auditor or fraud examiner would use to review a company’s financial statements and look for patterns across a few different periods of statements. Noting both the patterns that emerge 3
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