Exam 3 Review (Student)

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Indiana University, Bloomington *

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F307

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Accounting

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Apr 3, 2024

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pptx

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28

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Exam #3 Review
High-Level Content Review
Reporting Liabilities Two types of liabilities we focused on in this module: Long-term liabilities are reported at their present values Contingent liabilities: potential losses that may occur in the future How we report contingent liabilities depends on 1) the likelihood of a loss occurring and 2) whether the loss can be reasonably estimated Reasonably estimable Not reasonably estimable Probable ( > 75%) Recognize liability on balance sheet and disclose details in footnotes Disclose in footnotes (no amount on balance sheet) Reasonably Probable (50 – 75%) Disclose in footnotes (no amount on balance sheet) Disclose in footnotes (no amount on balance sheet) Remote ( < 50%) Do nothing Do nothing Likelihood Estimable
Present Values & Bonds Present value calculations are based on the time value of money and require: 1. The number of periods 2. A discount rate (use “market” interest rate for discounting) 3. Amount and type of future cash flows (single sum vs. ordinary annuity) Bonds are a common form of debt financing (long-term liability) Be familiar with calculating issue price, issue at face vs. premium vs. discount, differences between coupon and market rate, interest expense vs. coupon payment, gain/loss on retirement or calling of bonds Make sure to adjust for compounding frequency as needed Issued at face Coupon rate = Market interest rate Issue price = Face amount Issued at discount Coupon rate < Market interest rate Issue price < Face amount Amortize discount over life of bond Issued at premium Coupon rate > Market interest rate Issue price > Face amount Amortize premium over life of bond
Shareholders’ Equity Issues Stock issuances are another way that companies raise capital Differences between common and preferred stock, how to record issuances Types of shares – authorized , issued , and outstanding Know how different transactions affect each of these (e.g., stock dividends) Companies frequently repurchase their own stock – called treasury stock Know journal entries at repurchase and resale, how treasury stock affects things like dividend payments Cash dividends, stock dividends, and stock splits What journal entries are required, what effects these have on various accounts and the financial statements, and on price per share and total market value Preferred stock cash dividends: cumulative concept / dividends in arrears
Other Topics Investments in other companies : focus on measurement and reporting issues for “ passive ” investments in either debt or equity securities How to record investments at purchase Held-to-maturity vs. not held-to-maturity debt: how to deal with changes in fair value What goes on the income statement in each period Earnings per share (EPS): EPS = Net Income (less preferred dividends) / Average # of Common Shares Outstanding Know the items that go into the numerator or the denominator How various transactions affect EPS For example, issuing additional stock via a seasoned equity offering decreases EPS (increases number of common shares outstanding)
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