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Acct 114 Accounting I
Unit 2 Discussion
Ethics and Financial Statements
November 17, 2023
The Impacts of Corporate Scandal on Accounting Ethics
The accounting profession has been conditioned by the sudden and constant
changes brought by recent corporate financial scandals. The concept of accounting is not a new or unknown concept, and includes the processes of planning, control, analysis, and informing. Furthermore, as in any profession, there are certain rules of behavior, or professional ethics that should be adhered to too. In the accounting profession, the goal of accountants and auditors is to guide an organization using their professional knowledge and skills, with respect and loyalty to all ethical principles and codes of professional ethics. Accountants are expected to provide correct and reliable information to both the organization and the public, making certain that ethical standards are important for judging credibility and quality of the work done. In addition to behaving in accordance with rules that ensure confidence in the accounting profession itself (Marincic, et.al., 2020).
To understand the importance of ethics in accounting, I will analyze four corporate firms that added to the greed and misdeeds that saw billions of dollars lost destroying not only companies, but people’s lives from the excessive greed of those hungry with power, that defined the corporate corruption that brought a need for the most sweeping corporate accountability reforms since Frankline Roosevelt (Whitehouse Archives, 2004), and the impacts they had on accounting ethics. 1998: Waste Management was a waste management company based in Houston, Texas, founded by CEO and Chairman Dean L. Buntrock. Recently appointed CEO Maurice Meyers and his management team discovered the reporting of an estimated $1.7 billion in fake earnings from 1992, well into 1997. In March 2002 the SEC charged Dean Buntrock (Founder & Chairman of the Board), Phillip Rooney (President and CEO), Thomas Hau (Vice President, Corporate Controller & Chief Accounting Officer), and Herbert Getz (Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary) with perpetrating a massive fraud that lasted more than five years, alleging the defendants willingly engaged in a systematic scheme that falsified and
misrepresented WM’s financial results, overstating profits by $1.7 billion (Gray, 2019). Judgement: Defendants were ordered to pay over $30 million in penalties restitution. All defendants are prohibited from acting as an officer or director of a public company indefinitely and Getz was barred from practicing law for a period of five years (SEC, 2002). Auditor Arthur Anderson was ordered to pay $7 million in restitution (Gray, 2019).
2002: WorldCom Telecommunications was incorporated in Georgia and based out of Mississippi provided a broad range of communication services to businesses and consumers in more than 65 countries (SEC, 2005). An internal audit in June 2002 by then Vice President of Internal Audits, Cynthia Cooper, and auditor Gene Morse, discovered fraudulent balance sheet entries that totaled billions (Hayes, 2023). On March 2, 2004, Bernie Ebbers was indicted with charges of conspiracy and security fraud by federal authorities, and on May 25, 2004, federal prosecutors stepped in and escalated the list of charges to 9 felonies, adding 7 counts of filing false statements with securities regulators. A superseding indictment was also served on Scott Sullivan, WorldCom’s Chief Financial Officer (FBI National Press Release, 2004). Ebbers and Sullivan engaged improperly and fraudulently concealed the true operational and financial results and overstated reported income by $9 billion (SEC, 2004).
Judgement: In 2002 it was ordered SEC’s monetary penalty judgement of $500 million in cash and the transfer of $250 million in common stock under
the reorganized company that emerged from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy (MCI) to be transferred into a fund for later distribution to victims of the company’s fraud. They were also ordered to establish training and education to minimize the possibility of future violations of the federal securities laws. Four additional civil actions were filed against WorldCom employees in September and October 2002 (SEC, 2003). Both Sullivan and Ebbers were ordered to turn over all personal assets to be put in trust for affected shareholders (Courtlistener, 2004). Key Players: Scott Sullivan, former CFO, was found guilty from the U.S. Attorney’s Office to criminal charges, where he served five years due to testifying against Bernie Ebbers and others involved (Courtlistener, 2004). Bernie Ebbers, former CEO, was found guilty from the U.S. Attorney’s Complaint to criminal charges and sentenced to 25 years in prison, to which he was released in 2019 due to medical problems listed formerly as Dementia and passed away in 2020. (Courtlistener, 2004).
2002: Tyco International was a security solutions and fire protection company, as well as the world’s largest supplier of undersea fiber optic
cable with operational headquarters based in New Jersey. Involved in the scandal were CEO and Chairman Dennis Kozlowski and CFO Mark Swartz. SEC served complaint that alleges inflated operating income of $567 million
from connection fees that were purchased as security monitoring contracts, failed to disclose proxy statements and annual reports on certain executive compensation, executive indebtedness, and related party transactions of its former senior management totaling an additional $150 million (SEC, 2006). Tyco funneled $500 million through acquisitions, unapproved loans, and fraudulent stock sales that had been taken out as executive bonuses and benefits. The scandal started with Kozlowski being investigated for evading $13 million in New York sales tax on paintings purchased for a 5
th
avenue apartment he maintained for personal use by Tyco. Kozlowski resigned in 2002 and the new CEO, former head of Motorola, Edward Breen and he fired CFO Mark Swartz a week later, bringing to light financial statements pointing at Kozlowski’s widening problems. A Manhattan district attorney started an investigation to examine who was paying for Kozlowski’s personal expenses. Kozlowski was included $30 million spent to buy and decorate the New York apartment, and a $2.1 million birthday party for his then wife on the island of Sardinia, where Jimmy Buffet was imported for her entertainment for an additional $250,000, costing a total of $70,000 per
guest for this six-day event. Mark Swartz was also indicted on September 12, 2002, for stealing $170 million through non-approved bonuses. Both Kozlowski and Swartz were charged with larceny for $430 million in stock sales with inflated process because the company’s finances weren’t properly
disclosed. Tyco’s general counsel, Mark Belnick, was also indicted for not disclosing loans from Tyco and the $12 million bonus Belnick received after he convinced the SEC not to bring charges of theft because the loans had not been authorized. After being bailed out, Swartz was then charged with tax fraud and Tyco’s new management reversed all the loan forgiveness of those loans from the tax fraud and demanded repayment (Markham, 2006).
Judgement: The first trial of Kozlowski and Swartz lasted for six months on the count of grand larceny which resulted in a mistrial. A retrial was set for 2005. The retrial was on the side of the prosecutors and after eleven days of
deliberation both were found guilty of all charges and sentenced to eight to twenty-five years in prison. A class action suit forced them to pay back $2.92 billion to investors (Markham, 2006).
2003: HealthSouth Corporation in Birmingham, Alabama was one of the country’s largest healthcare providers of outpatient and rehabilitation services in the U.S. with over 1800 operating locations and had reported revenues of approximately $4 billion. Company founder and chairman, Richard Scrushy was indicted by the SEC on March 19, 2003, on 85 counts
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Related Questions
19
From the options given below find the reason/s to regulate the inefficiency in accounting profession
a.
Regulation seeks to ensure that accounting services are of the right quality
b.
All the options
c.
Regulation is used to mitigate the potential impact of this inefficiency on the society
d.
Regulation is used to mitigate the potential impact of this inefficiency on the economy
Clear my choice
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Question 9
Management of US Public Companies may provide a public report on the effectiveness of their organization's internal control over financial reporting, but management is not required to do so
True
False
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Chapter 8: Sarbanes Oxley, Internal Control, and Cash
Chapter 8 discusses the creation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. The act is commonly known by the acronym "SOX." The act established the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board. This board is sometimes known as the "Peek-a-Boo" which serves as what may be a very appropriate acronym. Please let us know why the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board has come to be known as the "Peek-a-Boo." Please use the link below to access the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and include it.
http://www.soxlaw.com/ (Links to an external site.)
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Discussion Questions on Fraud Prevention from Chapter 4 Fraud Examination 4th Edition
1. How do organizations create a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance?
2. What are different ways in which companies can eliminate opportunities for fraud?
3. What is the purpose of adopting a code of ethics throughout a company?
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Required information
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 LO 4-6, 4-9
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Management fraud (e.g., fraudulent financial reporting) is a relatively rare event. However, when it does occur, the frauds
(e.g., Enron and WorldCom) can have a significant effect on shareholders, employees, and other parties. The PCAOB's AS
2401, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, provides the relevant guidance for auditors.
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 Part b LO 4-6, 4-9
b. Select the three conditions that are generally present when fraud occurs:
Note: You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct
answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.
Management or other employees have an incentive or are under pressure that provides a reason to commit fraud.
Circumstances exist that provide an opportunity for a fraud to be carried…
arrow_forward
Required information
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 LO 4-6, 4-9
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Management fraud (e.g., fraudulent financial reporting) is a relatively rare event. However, when it does occur, the frauds
(e.g., Enron and World Com) can have a significant effect on shareholders, employees, and other parties. The PCAOB's AS
2401, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, provides the relevant guidance for auditors.
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 Part b LO 4-6, 4-9
b. Select the three conditions that are generally present when fraud occurs:
Note: You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct
answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.
Management or other employees have an incentive or are under pressure that provides a reason to commit fraud.
Circumstances exist that provide an opportunity for a fraud to be carried…
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TRUE OR FALSE
Under Sarbanes–Oxley Section 301 public company audit committees are directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm employed by their company.
Auditors are required by the Security and Exchange Commission to report to the audit committee of the publicly traded company all alternative treatments of financial information within generally accepted accounting principles that have been discussed with management officials.
CFO and the audit committee depend heavily on one another
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Question 8
organizations use the GAAP framework of internal control as a benchmark when assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
True
False
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Tutor provide answer for this
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!
Required information
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 LO 4-6, 4-9
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Management fraud (e.g., fraudulent financial reporting) is a relatively rare event. However, when it does occur, the frauds
(e.g., Enron and WorldCom) can have a significant effect on shareholders, employees, and other parties. The PCAOB's AS
2401, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, provides the relevant guidance for auditors.
Chapter 04 Problem 4-31 Part c LO 4-6, 4-9
c. Select the items that are most likely to be objectives of the "brainstorming" meeting that is held among the engagement team
members:
Note: You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct
answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.
?Share insights about the entity and its environment and the entity's business risks.
? Provide an opportunity for the team…
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49
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QUESTION 21
Ethical behavior is most likely to be compromised when the
personal ethics of businesspeople are high
personal ethics of businesspeople are low
corporate culture is strong
corporate culture is weak
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QUESTION 22
Match the term on the left with the appropriate definition or description on the left.
A. A requirement of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B. A group of measures intended to reduce or detect fraud
C. A framework for assessing the risk of fraud
D. The set of accounting rules that publicly traded companies must follow
v Fraud triangle
v Audited financial statements
v Internal controls
v Segregation of duties
E. One specific measure taken to reduce the opportunity for fraud
F. A licensing requirement for auditors of public firms
v Cerified Public Accountant
v GAAP
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3
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#23
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sh7
please help me
Thankyou
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was a necessary response to the corporate accounting scandals of the early 2000s. It brought much-needed reform to the regulatory framework for corporate accounting and reporting and increased the accountability of public companies and their auditors. While there are concerns about the costs of compliance and the impact on competitiveness, there is evidence to suggest that SOX has helped prevent fraudulent reporting and improve the quality of financial reporting. Nonetheless, there may be room for further improvement in the act's implementation to address any remaining issues and to ensure continued investor confidence in the US financial markets.
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# 18: In 2001, the Enron scandal rocked the world of accounting. What is the name of Enron's external auditor, who failed to detect rampant fraud at Enron and was indicted for
obstruction of justice for shredding documents related to the audit? A. Coopers & Lybrand B. Grant Thornton C. Pricewaterhouse D. Arthur Andersen a och Bola Josi to ipval txoa silt at
bume
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Required answer question 4 and 5
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Question 1
(i) Which of the following will NOT be a likely ground to blow the whistle?A. When there are serious breaches of company rules and regulationsB. When somebody feels personally aggrievedC. When there are threats to human safetyD. When there are serious concerns about a possible fraud
(ii) Which of the following is not an example of internal control risk?A. Risks of errors or fraud in accounting systems and accounting and finance activities.B. Risks that important laws and regulations will not be complied with properly.C. Risks that arise in the business environment and markets in which the company operatesD. The risk of losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or external events.
(iii) Which of the following is NOT a statutory duty of a director?A. Duty to disclose any money received in connection of a transfer of company property.B. Duty to exercise due diligence in their work C. Duty to contribute an appropriate sum of money to the…
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16
Which one of the following code of ethics, shows the way to professional accountant to comply with the relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action that discredits the profession?
a.
Objectivity
b.
Confidentiality
c.
Professional Behavior
d.
Integrity
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How can fraud be prevented in the making use of accounting information systems? How do ethics
and internal control play key roles in reporting misstated financial statements? (Accounting
Information System Tenth Edition by James Hall chapter 3)
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42
A professional accountant is one who has expertise in the field of accountancy, achieved through formal education and practical experience. From the options given below identify which one statement does not the quality of professional accountant?
a.
A professional accountant contributes to the efficient allocation and management of resources
b.
A professional accountant benefits Board of Directors rather than shareholders
c.
A professional accountant benefits the society as a whole
d.
A professional accountant benefits the economy
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- TRUE OR FALSE Under Sarbanes–Oxley Section 301 public company audit committees are directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm employed by their company. Auditors are required by the Security and Exchange Commission to report to the audit committee of the publicly traded company all alternative treatments of financial information within generally accepted accounting principles that have been discussed with management officials. CFO and the audit committee depend heavily on one anotherarrow_forwardQuestion 8 organizations use the GAAP framework of internal control as a benchmark when assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. True Falsearrow_forwardTutor provide answer for thisarrow_forward
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