Reports on an Audit of the Revenue Cycle 2 (3) (1)
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Reports on an Audit of the Revenue Cycle
AuZhanae Black
Western Governor’s University
Advanced Auditing D251
May 12, 2023
A.
The
purpose of an audit risk model is to determine the overall amount of risk associated with
an audit and to guide the auditor in constructing an audit program that will collect sufficient and
appropriate audit evidence. The equation is: Audit risk (AR) = Control risk (CR) × Detection risk
(DR) × Inherent risk (IR) (Audit Risk and Risk Assessment Procedures, n.d.). Control risk is the
possibility that a client's control systems will not be able detect or prevent potential material
misstatements. Inherent risk refers to the possibility that a client's financial statements could
contain a major misstatement in the absence of any internal controls to prevent such deception.
Detection risk is the possibility that the audit processes used will fail to detect a material
misrepresentation. Risk of material misstatement (Control Risk × Inherent Risk) has an inverse
relationship with detection risk. As control risk and inherent risk increases, the audit team should
lower detection risk and gather more appropriate audit evidence. In contrast, as detection risk
increases, risk of material misstatement is considered low and auditors are willing to gather “less
and/or less appropriate evidence from substantive procedures” (Johnstone et al., 2018).
B.
The engagement risk (auditor business risk) for this audit is high. Aspects from Appendix D
that support this assessment include: the ability to win or retain contracts, the experience of
management, the level of indebtedness, the location of operations, the management integrity, the
motivation to enhance revenue, related party transactions, risks relating to foreign suppliers,
shareholders personal investment in company, and shareholder guarantees. These aspects all
indicate a high degree of risk due to the potential for inaccurate financial statements or
misstatements, which could result from the complexity of the transactions and lack of adequate
internal controls in place.
C1.
Inherent risk for the revenue cycle is high. The three aspects from “Appendix E: Inherent
Risks—Revenue and Accounts Receivable” that justify this response are: the principal business
of manufacturing and gaming, the management override, and the earning process and nature of
obligations that extend beyond the normal shipment of goods (i.e., warranties). Manufacturing
and gaming businesses can involve a more complex set of transactions than other industries,
increasing the potential for errors or omissions. Furthermore, the management override, which is
when management overrides internal controls, also increases the potential for errors or
omissions.Finally, the earning process and nature of obligations that extend beyond the normal
shipment of goods (i.e., warranties) means that there are additional complexities that can lead to
errors or omissions. All of these factors increase the potential for errors or omissions in the
revenue cycle, resulting in a high inherent risk.
C2.
The control risk for the revenue cycle in this situation should be assessed at low. This is
because the company has implemented various controls to provide reasonable assurance that
contracts are complete and revenue is recognized as performance obligations are recognized.
First, the company has adopted authorization procedures to ensure that only authorized
employees are able to make changes to prices. Additionally, the company has limited access to
the files containing the authorized price changes, and this further reduces the risk of
unauthorized changes. Second, the company has implemented continuous monitoring of
receivables in order to detect any increases in the number of days past due or unusually high
concentrations in a few key customers whose financial prospects are declining. Finally, the
company has implemented a system of reconciliation in order to assure that all changes made to
the computer files are authorized and that no unauthorized ones were added. These controls help
to reduce the control risk associated with the revenue cycle, and therefore the control risk should
be assessed at low.
C3.
The risk of material misstatement is determined by assessing both inherent risk and control
risk. If inherent risk is high and control risk is low, then the risk of material misstatement is high
(
2012 AICPA Newly Released Questions Auditing
, n.d.). Conversely, if inherent risk is low and
control risk is high, the risk of material misstatement is also high. If inherent risk and control risk
are moderate, the risk of material misstatement is determined to be moderate. Therefore, based
on my response in parts C1 and C2 I would determine the risk of material misstatement to be
high.
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C4.
Based on my response in C3, I would set the audit risk at 1%. Considering I determined the
risk of material statement to be high, the detection risk would be set low since the two are
inversely related. The higher the risk of material misstatement, the lower the level of detection
risk needs to be in order to reduce audit risk to an appropriately low level (Auditing Standard No.
8, n.d.). Because the detection risk and acceptable audit risk is low, the auditor should perform a
higher amount of substantive testing procedures.
C5.
Risk of Material Misstatement = Inherent Risk X Control Risk. Risk of Material
Misstatement (RMM) and Detection Risk (DR) (
Audit Risk and Risk Assessment Procedures
,
n.d.) are inversely related; as one increases, the other decreases. Since we are taking on less risk
when the RMM is greater and the DR is lower, dealing with a riskier company means that we
will have to put in more effort.We are taking on greater risk and will work less when the DR is
higher.I am willing to tolerate less risk in the context of this audit since the risk of material
misstatement is set to be high, which results in a low detection rate.
D1. Existence/Occurrence
With the same individual authorizing credit and authorizing credit
sales for commercial customers, there is no clear division of labor, which is a serious red flag. In
addition to the possibility of inaccuracy, there is also the possibility of fraud. By sending
confirmation letters to the clients and requesting that they confirm the information, I would like
to verify accounts and their balances. We would utilize attribute sampling to look at invoices to
ensure that sales are being accurately recorded because there has been an exception detected
regarding sales being recorded in the appropriate period.
Details: 70%
Test of Controls: 15%
Analytical Procedures: 15%
D2. Completeness
There are shipping documents that were intended to be signed off by a
supervisor but weren't, so we would like to evaluate internal controls. There isn't much cause for
concern regarding the accuracy of the financial statements, except for a few missing bills of
lading.
Details: 75%
Test of Controls: 15%
Analytical Procedures: 10%
D3.
The loop is left open since it fails to include an approved signature for a price change, which
makes it difficult to provide an acceptable level of assurance that the right input of allowed price
adjustments is entered into the computer. Additionally, it is not being adhered to the reasonable
assurance that the computer files into which those pricing adjustments are made are secure and
that unauthorized workers only have limited access.
Details: 70%
Test of Controls: 10%
Analytical Procedures: 20%
References
2012 AICPA Newly Released Questions Auditing - PDF Free Download. (n.d.).
https://docplayer.net/20960847-2012-aicpa-newly-released-questions-auditing.html
Audit risk and risk assessment procedures
. (n.d.).
https://methodology.eca.europa.eu/aware/GAP/Pages/CA-FA/Planning/Audit-risk-and-
risk-assessment-procedures.aspx#:~:text=Audit%20risk%20(AR)%3D%20Inherent,work
%20(larger%20sample%20sizes)
.
Auditing Standard No. 8
. (n.d.). Default.
https://pcaobus.org/oversight/standards/archived-standards/pre-reorganized-auditing-
standards-interpretations/details/auditing-standard-no-8_1838#:~:text=The%20auditor
%20uses%20the%20assessed,to%20an%20appropriately%20low%20level.
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Johnstone, K. M., Rittenberg, L. E., & Gramling, A. A. (2018). Auditing : a risk-based approach.
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
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