Lab 8

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The University of Tennessee, Knoxville *

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Aerospace Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Name: Kendall Widdel E-mail address: kwiddel@vols.utk.edu Laboratory 8 Report The purpose of this experiment is to understand the difference between flow speed when density, friction, diameters, and pressure are all taken into account. Exploration 1 density pipe diameter (m) flow speed (m/s) pressure (kPa) flow rate Q = vA m 3 /s) case 1 water 2 1.6 127.537 0.025 case 2 water 3 0.7 139.575 0.015 case 3 water 4 0.4 128.724 0.012 case 4 gasoline 4 0.4 128.344 0.0125 honey 4 0.4 156.136 0.0102 Insert your table into your log. Answer the following question.  Do your measurements yield the same volume flow rate for all cases? They change for each case as the diameter changes, and the flow speed differs, and the pressure is all different.  For a given flow rate, how does the flow speed change as the pipe diameter changes? As the pipe diameter changes the flow speed decreases.  For a given flow rate, how does the pressure at the bottom of the pipe change as the pipe diameter changes? As the diameter of the pipe increases, the pressure of the pipe increases.

 For a given flow rate and pipe diameter, how does the pressure change as the fluid density changes? As the pressure increases, the fluid density decreases.  Describe the profile of the flow. Is it the same for all cases? The flow is very slow while the diameter changes, and the dots are more congested when there is less area density pipe diameter (m) flow speed (m/s) pressure (kPa) flow rate Q = vA (m 3 /s) location 1 water 4 0.4 121.079 0.013 location 2 water 2 1.6 124.149 0.026  Did you verify the equation of continuity? Yes  At which location do you measure the higher pressure? What is the pressure difference in kPa? The pressure was higher in the smaller diameter of the pipe. The pressure difference between the two locations is 3.07kPa  What is the speed of the liquid in the middle of the pipe in m/s? 0.6m/s  Describe the the profile of the flow. Compare it to the profile without friction. The balls towards the center of the pipe or moving at a faster speed then the ones towards the edges of the pipe  Comment on the effects of friction (viscosity). Friction is slowing the balls down, it is not reaching the center because that is just flowing water, but it is having an effect on the balls after a long period of time

Exploration 2  Keeping everything else the same, does the flow speed of the water depend upon the height of water level in the tank? Justify your answer by giving the numbers for the flow speed for two different water levels. Yes the flow speed of the water foes depend upon the height of water level in the tank. When the water is full and the flow begins the flow speed starts at 14.3m/s but when there is about ¼ water left the flow speed is around 10.2m/s  Keeping everything else the same, does the speed of the flow of the water depend upon the height of the tank? Justify your answer by giving the numbers for the flow speed for two different tank heights. The speed of the flow of the water does not depend upon the height of the tank. The speed stays constant with the data I gave in the question above. When I raise the tank as high as it will go, and the tank is full, the flow speed is 14.3m/s. And when I lower the tank as low as it will go, and the tank is still full the flow speed is still 14.3m/s  Does the speed of the flow depend upon the fluid density? Justify your answer by describing how you checked this?. No, the speed of the flow does not depend upon the fluid density because when I changed the fluid from water to gasoline, and to honey, the speed flow stayed the same  What happens to the stream of fluid after it leaves the tank? The speed flow increases once it leavess the tank as it is making a more downwards angle  How far (horizontally) will a stream of water travel if it exits the water tower at 14 m/s, 10 m above the ground? (Click "Match Release", open the hole in the bottom of the tank, and then click "Fill". Use the yellow handle to move the tank vertically.)

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