HS 2211 - Human Anatomy and Physiology Writtrn Assignment W 7

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University of the People *

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2211

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Anatomy

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May 21, 2024

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Diseases of the Urinary Tract System University of the People HS 2211: Human Anatomy and Physiology Professor Robert Pressley August 2, 2023

Disease of the Urinary Tract System Urine excretion is a vital part of the human bodily process. It ensures that waste products are safely excreted from the body and prevents the accumulation of toxins that may have detrimental impacts on the body. The urinary system is physiological designed to both store and transport urine (OpenStax, 2018). These structures must be able to sustain the compositions of urine such as its pH and osmolarity (OpenStax, 2018). The urinary tract is responsible for the removal and drainage of urine (OpenStax, 2018). It consists of the two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, and urethra (OpenStax, 2018). In this written assignment, we will discuss nocturia and nocturnal polyuria. We will discuss the causes of the diseases, who is most vulnerable to the condition, the impacts on the quality of life of patients, and finally how it can influence community health. Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria As the name of the disease suggests, nocturia and nocturnal polyuria is essentially the disease of the night time. Nocturnal polyuria is the overproduction of urine in the night time. Patients with nocturnal polyuria produce approximately 20 to 33% of their 24 hour urine volume in the night time (Weiss & Everaert, 2019). Individuals with nocturia often wake up multiple times at night to urinate. This disease is more common in individuals who are older than the age of sixty. However, the causes of nocturia can differ

depending on the individual. The type of nocturia an individual has will determine the medical conditions that are potentially associated with the individual and further decides the treatment that is appropriate for the patient (Weiss & Everaert, 2019). Nocturnal polyuria syndrome can be caused by a variety of conditions. This includes: 1. congestive heart failure 2. diabetes mellitus 3. obstructive sleep apnea 4. peripheral edema, (Weiss & Everaert, 2019). Nocturnal polyuria can also be caused by abnormal antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin secretion (Weiss & Everaert, 2019). Antidiuretic hormones or AVPs are responsible for regulating the level of water that is present in your body (Sakakibara et al., 2005). It controls how much water the kidney reabsorbs while the waste is being filtered from the blood. The lack of secretion of antidiuretic hormones can lead to our bodies losing high volumes of water in our urine (Sakakibara et al., 2005). This means that we will produce more urine. The impaired release of antidiuretic hormones can be seen to be associated with the lack of coordination with the body’s circadian rhythm (Sakakibara et al., 2005). The circadian rhythm of our body is the 24 hour cycle our body follows involving mental, physical, and behavioral changes. Our biological clock can signal the release of certain hormones and bodily processes. An impaired circadian rhythm will disrupt the natural flow of our body. In elderly people, we see a prevalence of the deterioration and

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