Anatomy test review

.docx

School

Seneca College *

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Course

100

Subject

Anatomy

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by SuperHumanResolve12404

Anatomy- The science of structure and relationships among structure Physiology- The science of body structure and how the body parts work Structure and function always intertwine Levels of Organization - Chemical Level - Cellular level - Tissue level - Organ level - System level - Organismal level Organization: 1. Chemical level - Atoms - Molecules (organic & inorganic & organelles) 2. Cellular level - Basic structural and functional units - Muscles, nerves, blood, - Different anatomy = different function - Once it's specialized, it can't divide - Shape and features relate to what that cell does 3. Tissue level - Tissues work together to perform a particular function - Cells form together to form tissues - Tissues are groups of cells - 4 major types- epithelial - connective - muscle - nervous tissues 4. Organ level - Composed of two or more types of tissue and have specific functions - Ex. heart 5. System Level - Consists of related organs that have a common function - Digestive system - Respiratory - Reproductive - Endocrine system - Nervous system

- Lymphatic system - Cardiovascular - Muscular system - Skeletal system - Integumentary - Digestive - Urinary - Reproductive 6. Organismal level - Largest level - All systems combined Life processes: - Metabolism: Sum of all chemical processes - Responsiveness: Detect and respond to changes - Movement: Motion of body, calls, organs and organelles - Growth: Increase body size, cell number, and cell size ~ Hyperplasia: increased number of cells ~ Hypertrophy: increased cell size - Differentiation: Unspecialized cells become specialized - Reproduction Major organs in the body - Brain -body's control center- sends and receives information

- Heart - pumps blood throughout body - Lungs- remove oxygen from the air and into the cells ; removes carbon dioxide - Stomach -holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes for breakdown - Kidneys- remove waste and extra fluid from the blood - Liver- detoxifies the blood - secretes biles and produce proteins for blood clotting - Spleen- part of lymphatic system recycling old red blood cells - creates bile - Gallbladder - stores and concentrates bile - digestive enzyme Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable conditions - ensures the body's internal environment remains constant despite change inside and outside the body - Maintaining volume and composition of body fluids (Blood,Urine etc) - Each body system contributes to homeostasis Homeostasis: feedback system - Controlled by the nervous system - nerve impulses - endocrine system - hormones Feedback system ; is a cycle of events which the body is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, unmonitored and reevaluated - Receptor - Control center - Effector Negative feedback system : reversus change in controlled conditions - regulation of blood pressure *body temp is low muscles will shiver to generate heat Positive feedback: tends to strengthen or reinforce a change - Accumulation in response to injury and clotting Body Regions: - Head- cranial - Neck - Trunk - Upper limbs - Lower limbs