_CHAPTER 8 OBJECTIVES
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Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion *
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Anatomy
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Chapter 8: Joints
After attending this series of lectures and studying the text and lecture
presentations and notes the student should be able to:
1.
Describe, compare, and contrast the classes of joints by freedom of movement
and by how adjacent bones are joined.
Diarthroses- freely moveable
Amphiarthroses-slightly movable
Synarthroses- immovable
Fibrous joints- collagen fibers cross gap between bone matrices and join them
Cartilaginous joints- bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints- bones separated by lubricating synovial fluid
2.
Describe the structure and function of a typical synovial joint (know Figure 8.3).
Include in your description the following parts and terms: joint cavity, synovial fluid,
hyaline cartilage, joint capsule, fibrocartilage, meniscus, and bursae.
-bones separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
Joint cavity- contains synovial fluid
Synovial fluid- thick liquid located between joints
Hyaline cartilage- assists the motion of joints
Joint capsule- encloses the cavity
Fibrocartilage- provides the tough material of the intervertebral disks
Meniscus- absorbs shock and pressure
Bursae- helps tendons glide easily over joints
3.
Describe a typical knee injury including the parts of the joint which would be
more likely to be injured in a lateral-to-medial blow to the knee.
-
A torn meniscus, tibial collateral ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament
4.
Briefly describe a hip joint.
-lliofermoral ligament attaches greater trochanter to the anterior inferior iliac spine
-pubofemoral ligament connects the greater trochanter to the ilium/pubis of the
coxal bone
-ligamentum teres connects the head of the femur to the coxal bone
-articular cartilage, the synovial cavity, and articular capsule connect the femur to
the coxal bone
5.
Describe, compare, and contrast first-class, second-class, and third-class levers.
1
st
class-
-load-fulcrum-effort
-like scissors, lifting head, effort is down
2
nd
class-
-fulcrum-load-effort
-wheelbarrow, standing on your tiptoe, effort up
3
rd
class-
-load-effort-fulcrum
-like tweezers, flexing forearm (bicep curls), effort up
6.
Describe and demonstrate the following movements made possible by the
different joints: flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, elevation,
depression, protraction, retraction, excursion, circumduction, rotation, supination,
pronation, and opposition
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