Anatomy Chapter 5 Assignment.pdf

1 Human Anatomy, Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 5.4 Essay Questions 1) What kind of tissue(s) would most likely be found in a tissue sample taken from the interior of the epiphysis of the femur? Answer: Cartilage 2) What is the significance of the orientation of the trabeculae in spongy bone? Provide a specific example, discussing how trabecular structure lends to its function(s). Answer: Trabeculae grow in response to stresses on the bone, to act as buttresses in the bone; therefore, they align at right angles to the direction of the stress. For example, the trabeculae in the proximal epiphysis of the femur are oriented long the stress lines, but with extensive cross- bracing. This trabecular alignment function in transferring forces from the hip across the metaphysis to the femoral shaft; at the distal epiphysis, the trabeculae direct the forces across the knee joint to the leg. In addition to reducing weight and handling stress from many directions, the open trabecular framework provides support and protection for the cells of the bone marrow. 3) How does an extensive exercise program affect the appearance of the skeleton? Why do these changes occur? Answer: Because bones are adaptable, their shapes and surface features reflect the forces applied to them. For example, bumps and ridges on the surface of a bone mark the sites where tendons attach to the bone. If muscles become more powerful, as what happens as a result of an extensive exercise program, the corresponding bumps and ridges enlarge to withstand the increased forces. Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, whereas, bones not subjected to ordinary stresses will become thin and brittle. Regular exercise is therefore important as a stimulus that maintains normal bone structure, especially in growing children, postmenopausal women, and elderly men.

2 5.5 Labeling Questions Figure 5.1 Using the above-referenced diagrams depicting the internal organization in representative bones, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. 1) Identify the structure indicated by Label A. A) Compact bone B) Osteon C) Spongy bone D) Periosteum E) Perforating canal

3 2) Identify the structure indicated by Label B. A) Medullary cavity B) Epiphysis C) Periosteum D) Blood vessels E) Sharpey's fiber 3) Identify the structure indicated by Label C. A) Compact bone B) Trabecular bone C) Endosteum D) Cancellous bone E) Spongy bone 4) Identify the structure indicated by Label D. A) Epiphysis B) Periosteum C) Metaphysis D) Sharpey's fibers E) Marrow cavity Medullary Cavity 5) Identify the structure indicated by Label E. A) Diaphysis B) Endosteum C) Metaphysis D) Periosteum E) Sharpey's fiber 6) Identify the structure indicated by Label F. A) Epiphysis B) Periosteum C) Metaphysis D) Compact bone E) Endosteum 7) Identify the structure indicated by Label L. A) Circumferential lamellae B) Interstitial lamellae C) Osteons D) Perforating canals E) Sharpey's fibers 8) Identify the structure indicated by Label M. A) Spongy bone B) Trabeculae C) Cancellous bone D) Osteons

4 E) Sharpey's fibers 9) Identify the structure indicated by Label R. A) Canaliculus B) Central canal C) Interstitial lamellae D) Circumferential lamellae E) Perforating canal 10) Identify the structure indicated by Label S. A) Periosteum B) Lacunae C) Trabeculae of spongy bone D) Interstitial lamellae of compact bone E) Endosteum 11) Identify the structure indicated by Label T. A) Circumferential lamellae B) Perforating canals C) Central canals D) Interstitial lamellae E) Canaliculi 12) Identify the structure indicated by Label W. A) Perforating canals B) Concentric lamellae C) Canaliculi D) Central canals E) Circumferential lamellae 13) Identify the structure indicated by Label X. A) Central canals B) Interstitial lamellae C) Perforating canals D) Canaliculi E) Circumferential lamellae 14) Identify the structure indicated by Label Z. A) Endosteum B) Periosteum C) Sharpey's fiber D) Central canal E) Osteon 15) Identify the structure indicated by Label AA. A) Perforating canals B) Central canals C) Lamellae D) Canaliculi

5 E) Periosteum

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