Anatomy Chapter 7 Assignment.pdf

1 Human Anatomy, Chapter 7 Essay Questions 1) What is the significance of the more massive pelvic bones compared to those of the pectoral girdle and the strong bone-to-bone attachments of the pelvic girdle of the lower extremity to the axial skeleton? Answer: The almost immobile joint between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the iliac region of the os coxae occurs at the posterior and medial aspects of the ilium, forming the sacroiliac joint. The anterior and medial portions of the hip bones are connected by a pad of fibrous cartilage at the pubic symphysis. An extensive network of ligaments also binds the ilia to the posterior lumbar vertebrae. This ensures that the weight from the upper part of the body will be able to pass through the lower limb to the ground efficiently. The composition of the pelvic girdle also facilitates the lower limbs' function in locomotion. 2) Imagine you are a forensic osteologist teaching a course on differentiating the male skeleton from the female skeleton. Justify the reasoning that the pelvis is the best area to examine. Answer: The shape of the female pelvis is somewhat different from that of the male pelvis. Some of these differences are the result of variations in body size and muscle mass. Because women are typically less muscular than men, the pelvis of the adult female is usually smoother and lighter and has less prominent markings where muscles or ligaments attach. Other differences are adaptations for childbearing. These adaptations support the weight of the developing fetus and uterus, and ease the passage of the newborn through the pelvic outlet at the time of delivery. 3) Can the race of an individual be discerned from the skeleton? Answer: The race of an individual can be learned from the skeleton because there are differences especially in the skull, in the developments of various ridges, and in the general bone mass, which can permit an estimation of muscular development.

2 Labeling Questions Figure 7.1 Using the above-referenced figures of the costal (anterior) and lateral views of the scapula, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. 1) Identify the structure indicated by Label A. A) Coracoid process B) Glenoid cavity C) Subscapular fossa D) Body E) Acromion 2) Identify the structure indicated by Label D. A) Glenoid cavity B) Acromion C) Coracoid process D) Body E) Spine 3) Identify the structure indicated by Label E. A) Vertebral border B) Inferior angle C) Medial border D) Lateral border E) Lateral angle

3 4) Identify the structure indicated by Label H. A) Spine B) Subscapular fossa C) Coracoid process D) Acromion E) Coronoid process 5) Identify the structure indicated by Label L. A) Coracoid process B) Acromion C) Body D) Glenoid cavity E) Spine 6) Identify the structure indicated by Label O. A) Spine B) Infraglenoid tubercle C) Coracoid process D) Acromion E) Infraspinous fossa 7) Identify the structure indicated by Label R. A) Spine B) Acromion C) Glenoid cavity D) Coracoid process E) Infraglenoid tubercle

4 Figure 7.2 Using the above-referenced posterior view of the scapula, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions. 8) Identify the structure indicated by Label B. A) Acromion B) Spine C) Infraspinous fossa D) Supraspinous fossa E) Subscapular fossa 9) Identify the structure indicated by Label E. A) Inferior angle B) Infraglenoid tubercle C) Spine D) Acromion E) Infraspinous fossa

5 10) Identify the structure indicated by Label G. A) Supraspinous fossa B) Subscapular fossa C) Glenoid cavity D) Infraspinous fossa E) Acromion 11) Identify the structure indicated by Label H. A) Coracoid process B) Infraglenoid tubercle C) Supraspinous fossa D) Body E) Spine 12) Identify the structure indicated by Label I. A) Infraglenoid tubercle B) Spine C) Body D) Neck E) Inferior angle 13) Identify the structure indicated by Label J. A) Glenoid cavity B) Coracoid process C) Acromion D) Infraglenoid tubercle E) Subscapular fossa 14) Identify the structure indicated by Label K. A) Coronoid process B) Acromion C) Infraglenoid tubercle D) Coracoid process E) Spine

6 Figure 7.3 Using the above-referenced figure of the anterior view of the humerus, identify the specified labeled part in each of the following questions.

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