Chapter 1 HW

Chapter 1 Homework  Anatomy o The brain is composed of two hemispheres o Study of form o The human heart consists of four chambers o The muscle on the back of the arm has three heads or origins o Each kidney contains approx. 6 to 10 pyramids  Physiology o Study of function o Heart cells contract on their own because of autorhythmicity o Long-term acid-base balance is controlled by the kidney  Which of the following are characteristics of all living things o Has a brain o Metabolism o Reproduction o Responsiveness o Regulation  Match each of the options o Skeletal -> Calcium storage and hemopoiesis o Muscular -> Moves the body and generates heat o Cardiovascular -> Transport of nutrients and waste o Respiratory -> Exchange of gases  Levels of organization in the human body in order – simplest to complex o Chemical level o Cellular level o Tissue level o Organ level o Organismal level  Serous Membrane o Parietal pleura – lines the thoracic cavity o Visceral pleura – covers the lungs o Parietal pericardium – lines the pericardial cavity o Visceral pericardium – covers the heart o Parietal peritoneum – lines the abdominal cavity o Visceral peritoneum – covers the abdominal organs  Components of the thoracic cavity o Pericardial cavity o Mediastinum o Pleural cavity o Explanation  The thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum, which houses the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Also within the thoracic cavity are the pleural and perciardial cavities, which are both potential spaces that contain lubricating serous fluid. The thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum, which houses the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Also within the thoracic cavity are the pleural and perciardial cavities, which are both potential spaces that contain

Chapter 1 Homework lubricating serous fluid. The thoracic cavity contains the mediastinum, which houses the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Also within the thoracic cavity are the pleural and perciardial cavities, which are both potential spaces that contain lubricating serous fluid.  Body section that could include both shoulders in a single section o Transverse o Coronal  Examples of effectors o Smooth muscle of bronchioles in lungs o Insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas  Select correct word to complete the sentences. o When maintaining a stable internal environment, if blood pressure increased to 130 mm HG, your body would decrease blood pressure. o If heart rate decreased to 40 beats per minute, your body would increase heart rate. o If oxygen levels in the blood decreased to 75 mm HG, your body would increase breathing. o If your body temperature increased to 105 degrees, you would try to decrease temperature. o In all these examples, the changes that occurred in the body would be fatal if they continued. The body would have to respond or compensate for these changes. In each case above, when something happened to cause a change in one direction, the body responded with the change in the opposite direction to help maintain stable internal environment. o The most homeostatic regulations occur through negative feedback.  Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains internal conditions in response to changes in external conditions. o The body has a set of several internal conditions, such as temperatures, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Despite the changing external environment, these conditions must be controlled to remain with certain range that optimizes health and wellness. The process we use is called homeostasis.  Changes in temperature of the skin or internal organs are detected by thermoreceptors . o In order for the body to respond to changes in its controlled conditions, sensory receptors have monitor and report on those changes. Sensory receptors are modality specific, meaning they only respond to one kind of stimulus. The receptors that respond to temperature changes are called thermoreceptors.  Regarding thermoregulation, the hypothalamus serves as a thermostat, receiving nerve signals about body temperature and sending nerve signals to the structures that can respond. o A negative feedback loop requires not only receptors to be stimulated by changes, but also an integrating center that can make a decision on the appropriate response. In the case of thermoregulation, the hypothalamus of the brain is the integrating center. It functions like a thermostat, knowing the temperature range required, and responding the current temperature. If the temperature is too low, it will send out commands to increase it. If it's too high, it will send out commands to lower it.  A drop in body temperature triggers an internal reaction that ultimately leads to an increase in body temperature. This is called a negative feedback loop. o A negative feedback loop is one in which the response by the integrating center is to reverse the trend that stimulated it. A negative feedback loop requires not only receptors to be stimulated by changes, but also an integrating center that can make a decision on the appropriate response. In the case of thermoregulation, the hypothalamus of the brain is the integrating center. It functions like a thermostat, knowing the temperature range required, and responding