ANP01 - Case Study (FIT)

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ANP01

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Anatomy

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Jan 9, 2024

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ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) ANATOMY AND PROGRAMMING (ANP01) Student details Student name Student Email address ClusterCode and Title ANP01 Anatomy and Programming Purpose of Assessment The purpose of this assessment task is to assess your knowledge of Anatomy and Programming. Instructions for the Student Read through the following case studies and reflect on your learning and your own research within this cluster. Prepare a response that responds to each of the issues presented below. Your responses must reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.  This is an individual assessment  To ensure your responses are satisfactory, you should consult a range of learning resources and other information such as handouts, textbooks, credible internet sources, etc.  You are required to answer the questions based on given scenarios  The student must be concise, to the point and write answers according to the given word limit to each question and not provide irrelevant information  You must write your responses in your own words  You will be required to complete all parts of this assessment task Assessment Conditions  This assessment is untimed  You may refer to your learning materials during this assessment  You must read and respond to all questions  Answers must be typed and submitted through My eCampus for assessing  You must complete the task independently  No marks or grades are allocated for this assessment task. The outcome of the task will be Satisfactory or Not Satisfactory  As you complete this assessment task, you are predominately demonstrating your written skills and knowledge to your trainer/assessor Please note: A qualified trainer and assessor will review and assess all the submitted comments, observation checklists, and assessment evidence to determine the students' competence and abilities against the unit of competency requirements. A trainer and assessor will ensure each assessment has been sufficiently completed and determine the final assessment outcome.

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) QUESTIONS Question 1.1 Explain how a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology will help you achieve the following fitness instructor duties. Fitness Instructor Duty How knowledge of anatomy and physiology will assist you Interpret pre-exercise screening information Understanding that you reading on the client’s screening. Develop exercise programs suitable for different ages, gender, or fitness levels Everyone has different characteristics and aims, and also need to give them safe and effective way for the program. Provide instructions about exercise technique When you don’t have any knowleages on the antomy and physiology then you may not be able to explain the techniques and or why they needs a certain exercise. Explain to clients the purpose of chosen exercises When you don’t have any knowleages on the antomy and physiology then you may not be able to explain the techniques and or why they needs a certain exercise. Question 1.2 Complete the following tables to describe the muscle roles, joint movements, and plane of movement during the squat and shoulder press. Squat Muscle Role during the Squat (prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator) Abdominals Fixator - Stabilises the trunk. Hip Flexors Antagonist - Maintains pelvic stability. Quadriceps Prime mover – Responsible for hip flexion and knee extension. Gluteus Maximus Synergist – assists the prime mover Joint Concentric (lifting/shortening phase) Eccentric (lowering/lengthening phase) Ankle Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion Knee Extension Flexion Hip Extension Flexion Plane of Movement (sagittal, frontal/coronal, or horizontal/transverse) Sagittal movement like you go up and down Shoulder Press Muscle Role during the Shoulder Press (prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator) Rotator Cuff Fixator : stabilized the humeral head within the shoulder joint

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) Latissimus Dorsi Antaginist : assist medial and lateral rotation of the shoulder joint. Triceps Brachii Synergist : holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity. Deltoid Prime mover : its function is to raise your arm overhead. Joint Concentric (lifting/shortening phase) Eccentric (lowering/lengthening phase) Shoulder Cocentric phase of going up Eccentric occurs when coming back down to the starting position. Elbow Extension Flexion Plane of Movement (sagittal, frontal/coronal, or horizontal/transverse) Frontal plane as your hands and arms are moving up and down along the front and back of the body Question 1.3 The body undergoes responses to help keep up with increased demand during exercise. The body also undergoes various changes from exercise over a long period of time. Provide one expected short term (during exercise) and long term response to exercise across the below body systems/components. For each body system/component, identify any variances between males and females. Body System/Component Short-Term Response Long-Term Response Neuromuscular & Muscular Systems Increased muscle temperature, muscle flexibility and possible muscle soreness and fatigue. Increase in muscle fibres, leading to higher endurance. Increased muscle mass and strength. Variances between males and females Males have more muscle power, strength and lean muscle mass than females. Females generally recover faster than males due to a lower amount of damage after exercise possibly due to lower power/strength. Blood Pressure Increased during exercise, however, returns to normal post exercise with in 24-48H. Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness therefore lowering resting and exercise heart rate. Variances between males and females Males blood pressure increased significantly as they tend to lift heavier weights than females. Cardiovascular System and Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) Increased heart rate and stroke volume during exercise from cardiovascular system Increased Cardiorespiratory fitness therefore lowering resting and exercise heart rate Variances between males and females Males tend to have a higher CRF than females due to higher levels of red blood cells. Skeletal System (Bones and Joints) Resistance exercises increase circulation for nutrient delivery to joints and increased synovial fluid production Increased bone density, improved joint flexibility and increased joint stability. Variances between males and females Women have a wider pelvic structure than men. Bone mass, density is higher in males.

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) Question 1.4 Complete the table below about cardiovascular circulation and responses. a. Describe the flow of blood in each circulation pathway. b. Outline the three main roles of the blood in the body. c. Describe the effect of exercise intensity on breathing rate and heart rate. a. Circulation Pathways Circulation Pathway Description of Blood Flow in Pathway Pulmonary Circulation In this pathway, blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the heart agin. Systemic Circulation Moves the blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Sending oxygenated blood out to cells and return deoxygenated blood to the heart. b. Roles of Blood - Outline the three main roles of the blood in the body. 1. To transport oxygen, 2. Move nutrients and hormones to the cells and tissues of the body, 3. Removal of waste. c. Relationship of Exercise Intensity to Breathing Rate and Heart Rate Description of How Exercise Intensity Affects Each Breathing Rate To provide the body with oxygen at a higher rate. The increase in your heart rate increase your breathing rate. Heart Rate As the heart beats faster it uses more energy which sends more oxygen to the muscles.

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) Question 1.5 a. Describe the structure and function of the muscle system, types of muscle tissue and classifications and when applicable, state whether there are any variances between males and females – if there are none, please state this. Structure and function There are 3 main types of muscles in the body, sketetal, smooth and cardiac. It allows movement of the body, maintains posture and also circulates blood throught the body. Whilst there are main functions of the muscular system, which are;- 1.Mobiltiy 2. Stability 3. Posture 4. Circulation 5. Respiration 6. Digestion 7. Urination 8. Childbirth 9. Vision 10. Organ Protection 11.Temperature Regulation Types of muscle tissue and classifications, e.g., voluntary/involuntary, striped/striated, etc. Sketetal muscle tissues are attached to the tendons and bones in the body. They can be controlled intentionall to support movement in a direction hence, they are considered voluntary muscles. They are striped or striated. Males generally are faster and have a maxi power output, whilst women are generally more fatique resistant and recover faster. Smooth Muscles are found in the walls of various organs of the body, these are hollow organs for example the stomach, bladder, airways and lungs. They are not striped and act involuntary, they also contract in all directions to allow for smoother constriction and dilation of organs. Cardiac Muscles are located in the heart and are composed of cardiac muscle tissues. They are connected to each other throught the gap instead of separate. These cannot be controlled intentionall but they are striped. These muscles co ordinate the beating of the heart. Males heart is generally bigger . b. Describe the function of the two muscle proprioceptors below. Muscle Spindle These are stretch detectors that inform the central nervous system of changes in the length of the muscle when it is stretched and contracted. Tendon Stretch Organ (GTO) Senses changes within muscle tension when they are contracted or are stretched. c. Describe the structure and overall function of the skeletal system, name the major bones, joints, and joint structures and provide bony landmarks. Structure and function The skeletal system is the main support system of the body and is responsible for helping to facilitate movement, support structure of the body, protect internal organs, producered and white blood cells in bone marrow and lastly storing mineral and fat in the yellow marrow. It is made up of bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and Major Bones& Bony Landmarks There are 5 bone types in our bodies. They consist of long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones. Bony landmarks are facte – vertebrae, protuberance – chin and articulations-the knee joint. Joint structures make up the a joint. Capsule surrounds the joint and is attached to the articulating bones. Cartilage – is the surface that is in direct contact with the two bones as they move. Synovial Fluid – is the fluid inside the joint cavity. It functions as a lubricant and Major Joints and Joint Structures As we age our bone density, muscle strength weaken. Females experience a decrease in muscle strength earlier than males and their muscle mass decreases faster

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.0 (2023/02/06) Question 1.6 As we age, the muscular and skeletal systems undergo changes. In the table below, identify how the following systems change with aging including any differences between males and females. Muscular System As we age our bone density, muscle strength weaken. Females experience a decrease in muscle strength earlier than males and their muscle mass decreases faster Skeletal System As the body ages not only does their muscular system change but their bones and other skeletal parts lose their sturdiness. Females have an increasesd risk of osteoarthritis and begin to lose calcium in their bones around 30 years of age as opposed to men being 55 to 60 yearsos age. Females cartilage beomes thinner at a faster rate than a male. Question 1.7 Complete the table below about the nervous system. a. Describe the overall function of the nervous system below. The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body through the spinal cord, including internal organs. b. Subsystems of the Nervous System Describe the role of the two subsystems of the nervous system in controlling skeletal muscles. Subsystem Role in Controlling Skeletal Muscles Central Nervous System Responsible for storing and processing information from the senses of the body so the body can make the appropriate response. For example when a person thinks of moving a specific body part, the central nervous system processes the signal and sends it to the somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system to trif=gger the appropriate motor respons. Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for playing a key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying out commands from your brain to various parts of your body. It also regulates automatic functions such as brathing, heart rate and digesting. c. Nerves and nerve impulses Describe how nerves and nerve impulses work in the human body. Nerves connect the brain and spinal cord with our peripheral area (legs and arms) and organs. This allows signals to travel along the nerves in the form of nerve impulses. d. Variances between males and females Identify any variances that exist between male and female nervous systems and functions. Brain size – males brains are up to 11% larger, although this is relative to the fact that males bodies are larger. Aspects are different between male and females such as how memories are formed, problem solving and decision making.

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