Weekly Lecture Assignment 3

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University Of Arizona *

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335

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Anthropology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Question 1 (1 point) Questions 1-5 use the phylogeny shown above, where the black rectangle indicates “evolutionary gain of fins” and the black cross means “evolutionary loss of fins”. In phylogenies A-F, what does the red dotted branch indicate? The root Question 2 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F is NOT compatible with contemporary observations? (your answer is just the letter) E Question 3 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F woud make fins a homology between orca and fishes? (your answer is just the letter) A

Question 4 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F is the most parsimonious? (your answer is just the letter) D Question 5 (1 point) According to the most parsimonious evolutionary history, what terms (one or more than one) apply to the similarity of fins between fishes and orca? b) homoplasy d) evolutionary reversal Question 6 (1 point) Question 6-9 use this reconstructed evolutionary tree of theropods diverging from Ornithischian dinosaurs. In what sense can we say that birds are dinosaurs? e. Both c and d.

Question 7 (1 point) Allosaurids and Tyrannosauroids (the family of T. rex ) look very much alike. This shows that T. rex is more closely related to Allosaurus than to birds. False Question 8 (1 point) In the evolutionary history of birds, starting from the common ancestor of all dinosaurs, T. rex represents a transitional form Question 9 (1 point) What is NOT a transitional form between Tyrannosauroids and birds? Compsognathids Question 10 (3 points) Fill in blanks, using words from the words bank given as a hint (listed in alphabetical order). Not all words need to be used, and words are used at most once. Make sure your spelling is consistent with the word bank. How long an individual lives, when s/he reproduces, how many babies they have, how big the babies are examples of ___1___. Such traits can ___2__ among individuals of the same species in the same population. In the guppy experiment, populations naturally exposed to different levels of __3__ show significant differences in __4__. David Reznick and his team hypothesized that these differences were __5__ and constrained by a __6__ between __7__ and offspring number. To test their hypothesis, they moved guppies from __8___ sites to __9__ sites (where there were no guppies before). They predicted that the mean offspring size should __10__ and the mean offspring number should __11__. After __12__ they found that the mean offspring size was significantly __13__ , and the mean

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