Question 4- identifying rules

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Arizona State University *

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416

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Anthropology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by karen4546

Question 4- identifying rules Government Animals have been used for research for many decades now and it was prevalent during the germ theory and scientific medicine era since they viewed animals as test tubes and argued that they did not experience pain to address health issues. There were no restrictions or limits on how they use animals beyond their own individual consciences (Macrina, F., 2014). Animal cruelty was unfavored and there were laws enforced starting as early as 1822. In 1963, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) published the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals which used the 3 R’s (replacement, reduction, and refinement) as a foundation for their recommendations (Macrina F., 2014). The guide included chapters that introduce key concepts of animal care and use (the 3 R’s), animal care and use of programs, animal environment, husbandry, and management, veterinary care, and physical plant (building) (Macrina F., 2014). In addition, in 1966, “Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act with the main goal of requiring the registration of research facilities and dog dealers with the U.S. Department of Agriculture” with the “intent to minimize the number of cats and dogs being stolen or sold” (Macrina F., 2014). The Animal Welfare Act mandates “humane care and treatment for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates with the exclusion of rats and mice” (Macrina F., 2014). This act would prohibit scientists from using these animals in their research experiments and prohibit the maltreatment done to them. Resources Macrina F., (2014). Practical matters: constraints on the behavior of scientists. ASM Press. 3 rd edition, 135-44.

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