Questions for Life Primates

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251

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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ANT 251 002, 003, & 004 Dr. Clarke Life- The Primates Hamadryas baboon ( Papio hamadryas ): • What type of social organization do we find among P. hamadryas? P. hamadryas live in a multilevel social system where females are associated with specific males and have “one male units”. • P. hamadryas have a polygynous mating system (female defense or harem style). Please list three characteristics of this type of system. -one male mating with multiple females -female is responsible for parental care -males compete for areas with the best resources • Describe the social hierarchy of P. hamadryas . P. hamadryas have a unique system with four levels in their social hierarchy. They have families, clans, bands, and troops. These usually have one male, but can contains up t ten females. Japanese macaque ( Macaca fuscata ):

• Describe the social hierarchy of this species and how it relates to the hot springs. These monkeys live in groups of ranking that is established at birth. Both genders have the opportunity to move up or down in the structure, the male can venture off on his own to do so. All members of the troop are allowed access to the hot spring, but the troop leader does not go in the hot spring to show his role. • Macaques are a female philopatric species. What sort of inter-female relationships might you expect to see? Females may compete for male partners and then the young females usually remain close to their original colony. However, the males venture off and join a new colony. • M. fuscata live in multi-male/multi-female groups and they have a promiscuous mating system. Do you expect to see male investment in offspring? Why or why not? No, there is less investment in male offspring because they are expected to venture off. Western gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla ): • Describe the social hierarchy for G. gorilla .

These gorillas have a competitive social structure in which the male is dominant and they have multiple female partners with offspring. • G. gorilla have a polygynous mating system. What are the costs and benefits for male gorillas in this type of system? • Costs: -typically fewer males -very male centered • Benefits: -increased reproductivity -variance in reproductive success Spectral tarsier ( Tarsius tarsier ): • Based on your knowledge from class/readings what type of social organization do the majority of tarsier species live in? These live in small groups, usually around 3, and are typically two adults and offspring but can have an additional female adult.

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