Assignment 4 Worksheet

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School

National University College *

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100

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by PrivatePigeonPerson299

Assignment 4 Worksheet Instructions: This worksheet has three sections. Each section has one or more questions that need to be answered. Answer each of the questions in the space below and use as much space as you need to answer the question fully. Section 1: Physical Anthropology Explain what physical anthropology is, and how physical anthropologists study evolution. Physical Anthropology is the study of human development, attributes, and evolution. It cross-examines human and primate biology and behavior, as well as our extinct ancestors. The field focuses primarily on human evolution and variability, as well as depicting genetic data, fossil records, and skeletal remains. Physical anthropologists also study apes and use their biology to compare DNA across our species. They then apply this knowledge of human evolution to understand present human variation and how our biology intersects with today’s societal structures. Find at least one scholarly source that identifies a specific research project in which physical anthropologists study evolution (e.g. the Human Genome Project- conduct your original research, do not use this example). Provide an APA formatted reference for this source. Title: "The Human Microbiome Project" The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a research project in physical anthropology that explores the microbial communities found in and on the human body. Created in 2007 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the project focuses on understanding the role of these microbes in human health and disease. The HMP has made huge advances in the complex understanding of the human microbiome and its overall impact on the host. The project's results have displayed that the human microbiome plays an essential role in many of the body’s primary functions including digestion, immune system responses, and even emotional behavior. This research has opened new paths in understanding human evolution and variability, and also the potential for new treatments in multitudes of dangerous diseases. Source: Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2007). The human microbiome project. Nature, 449(7164), 804-810.

Describe the research project and its significance in our understanding of evolution. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which was launched by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2007, is a revolutionary new research initiative aimed at understanding the microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively known as the microbiome (Turnbaugh et al., 2007). The project has showcased and improved our understanding of the complex nature of the human microbiome and its influence and overall impact on the host. The HMP has provided invaluable perceptions in the evolution of humans and their microbiomes, uncovering the critical role these microbial groups play in key human functions such as digestion, immune response, and behavior (Turnbaugh et al., 2007). The study of the human microbiome allows researchers to understand how the microbes have adapted and evolved alongside their human hosts and how they will continue to evolve. Modifications in people’s diets, lifestyles, or environments can alter the very nature of the microbiome. This has been proven to impact not only the overall person’s health but also the different bodily diseases of people. (Turnbaugh et al., 2007). Furthermore, the HMP has explained variability in the human microbiome between individual people, potentially due to different blends of genetic and environmental factors (Turnbaugh et al., 2007). References: Green, R. E., Krause, J., Briggs, A. W., Maricic, T., Stenzel, U., Kircher, M., ... & Pääbo, S. (2010). A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science, 328(5979), 710-722. doi:10.1126/science.1188021 Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2007). The human microbiome project. Nature, 449(7164), 804-810. doi:10.1038/nature06244 Section 2: Second subfield Choose a second subfield of anthropology (the choices are: cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, or archaeology). Linguistic anthropology is the study of languages and how they impact the societal and cultural aspects of humanity. Explain what the second subfield focuses on, and how anthropologists in this subfield study evolution.

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