AP Lang Unit 6 MCQ Hunt

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The passage is reprinted for your use in answering the remaining questions. (This passage is excerpted from a book published in 2002.) Lakota tradition encouraged its fighting men to publicly recount their exploits in battle. Waktoglaka (wah-kto-glah-kah) is the word for that old custom, meaning “to tell of one’s victories.” It seems illogical that a culture in which humility was a virtue could allow its fighting men to brag in public. There was, however, an essential requirement: Each and every action recounted had to be verified by at least one witness. That verification ensured the truth. To truthfully describe one’s action in combat through the forum of ceremony was not considered bragging because the recounting—the story of the action—was a gift. It became part of the identity and the lore of the storyteller’s warrior society, and it served to strengthen the entire village—not to mention that the deed recounted served as an example for young men to emulate. Most men who did the waktoglaka did not repeat the story unless asked because they realized the value of humility. While exploits in the arena of combat were the way to establish and enhance a good reputation and gain status in the community, lack of appropriate humility was a sure way to taint one’s reputation and erode hard-won status. In other words, once the battle was over it was time to be humble. To traditional Lakota, humility was the one virtue that enhanced other virtues. To be generous was good, for example, as long as one did not call attention to his or her generosity. Anything good that was done or said with humility carried more impact. According to all the stories, one of the most humble of all Lakota was Crazy Horse. Crazy Horse was an Oglala Lakota. The Oglala, which means “to scatter one’s own,” were (and are) one of the seven Lakota groups. His is one of the most familiar names to emerge from the turbulent nineteenth century in the American West. In western American history, written by Euro-Americans, he is popularly regarded as the conqueror of both General George Crook and Lieutenant Colonel George Custer. On June 17, 1876, he led seven hundred to nine hundred Lakota and Cheyenne warriors and stopped Crook’s northward advance at the Battle of the Rosebud, on the Rosebud River in what is now north central Wyoming. Eight days later, one thousand to twelve hundred Lakota and Northern Cheyenne warriors under his leadership, as well as the able leadership of several other notable Lakota battlefield leaders, defeated Custer’s Seventh Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Crazy Horse was thirty-six years old at the time, and his combat experience and leadership helped to thwart—albeit temporarily—the United States Army’s grand plan of 1876 to capture and herd all the Lakota onto reservations once and for all. But we Lakota don’t remember him primarily because he defeated Crook or Custer; we remember him because—in spite of his larger-than-life achievements on the field of battle—he was a humble man. Crazy Horse was born to be a warrior and a leader.

He had an ability to stay calm in the midst of chaos and confusion, and to lead by example. In the Lakota society of his day the arena of combat provided opportunities for fighting men to display skill and courage. Acts of bravery on the battlefield earned them honors within their warrior societies and status in the society at large. Many men who achieved a following as combat leaders also went on to become political leaders as well, such as the Hunkpapa Lakota Sitting Bull. As a matter of fact, Crazy Horse’s steadiness under fire earned him his first adult name, prior to Crazy Horse. Because he had a habit of dismounting in the midst of fighting, then kneeling beside his war horse to take deliberate aim at the enemy, he became known as His Horse Stands in Sight. Such conduct earned him more combat honors by his early twenties than most men achieved in an entire lifetime. He was known far and wide for his daring and recklessness in combat, but also for his ability to make good tactical decisions. If anyone earned the right to participate in the waktoglaka ceremony, it was he. But according to all the stories handed down about him he never did. For all of his life Crazy Horse was painfully shy and probably spoke in public only twice. Though he was entitled to wear the symbols of his many achievements on the battlefield—eagle feathers—he was known to dress plainly. If he wore any decoration at all it was usually a single feather. 1. In his description of the United States Army’s plan “to capture and herd all the Lakota onto reservations once and for all” toward the end of the fourth paragraph, the author’s tone conveys which of the following? (A) Admiration for the scope of the Army’s military ambitions (B) Disapproval of the Army’s dehumanizing treatment of the Lakota (C) Awe at the Army’s sophisticated strategies and superior weaponry (D) Indignation at the Army’s previous failures to follow through on the plan (E) Pride in the Army’s foresight and superior managerial skills

2. The speaker’s tone in the passage is best described as (A) inquisitive (B) critical (C) pedantic (D) apologetic (E) egocentric

The writer is considering adding the following sentence immediately before sentence 11. Those who believe that science fiction predicts the future are simply wrongheaded. 3. Should the writer make this addition? (A) Yes, because it makes a claim that effectively reinforces the writer’s point of view regarding the readers and critics mentioned in the first paragraph. (B) Yes, because it adds an important qualification regarding the point the writer makes about science fiction and forecasting in the first paragraph. (C) Yes, because it provides an effective transition between the information given in sentence 10 and the refinement of the writer’s position offered in sentence 11.

(D) No, because it creates an inappropriate shift in tone at the beginning of the passage’s final paragraph. (E) No, because the point it makes is not consistent with the writer’s analysis of science fiction novels in the passage. 4. The author’s shift in tone between the fourth and fifth paragraphs marks a transition between (A) offering practical advice and advocating broader principles (B) exemplifying simplicity and demonstrating complexity (C) identifying problems and proposing solutions (D) presenting absolute claims and qualifying those claims (E) arguing from personal experience and incorporating the insights of others 5. The writer wants to add information to the beginning of sentence 6 (reproduced below), adjusting the capitalization as needed, to help establish the credibility of the source of

the information in the sentence. Middle- and upper-class teens are choosing not to work, while lower-income teens have less access to jobs. Which of the following choices most effectively accomplishes this goal? (A) According to Professor Paul Harrington, (B) According to Paul Harrington, an expert, (C) According to Paul Harrington, a Drexel University professor of labor markets, (D) According to a Drexel University professor, (E) According to a university professor who is an expert on labor markets, (1) Except for the professional opportunities archaeology affords and the state-of-the-art technologies that archaeologists use, many people might assume that archaeology has little to do with the present. (2) After all, archaeology is the study of human history. (3) A recent finding at Eleutherna, the site of an ancient Greek city on Crete, provides a striking example: unearthing the skeleton of a woman, archaeologists struggled to interpret the unusual signs of strain on the bones until they watched a local craftswoman at work. (4) The archaeologists’ interpretation not only challenges popular assumptions about archaeology, but it also forces archaeologists to reexamine their assumptions about women’s work in ancient Greece. (5) Eleutherna researchers discovered the skeleton in 2009. (6) Preliminary analysis determined that the approximately 50-year-old woman lived between 900 and 650 BCE. (7) Examining her remains, the archaeologists eyeballed something truly wacky: unlike the cartilage of other female specimens at the site, the cartilage on the upper right side of the skeleton’s body and on the right-hip and knee joints was almost completely worn away. (8) This anomaly signified that the woman must have engaged in a long-term strenuous activity involving the right side of her body. (9) Seeking more exact information, the researchers drew on their assumptions about the kinds of work women performed in ancient Greece. (10) Deploying skeletal models, the archaeologists tried bread-baking, weaving, harvesting, etc.—but to no avail. (11) Wondering if the present could unlock the past, the archaeologists spent several years observing people near Eleutherna who performed tasks similar to those the ancient Greeks would have performed. (12) Success came in 2018 when a female ceramicist modeled her work for the researchers. (13) Analyzing her movements as she worked on large vases and listening to her detail the physical toll of the work, the team was convinced that the ancient Eleuthernan woman whose skeleton it was studying must have been a potter, a guess later confirmed by medical imaging and further anatomical modeling. (14) The woman was not just a ceramicist, though. (15) The extent of wear on her remains indicates that she was a master ceramicist. (16) Archaeologists had long assumed that professional pottery making was the exclusive province of males in ancient Greece. (17) The Eleutherna researchers, supplementing Greece’s archaeological discoveries, acknowledge that they have more to learn. 6. Which of the following versions of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced below) best maintains the writer’s predominant tone throughout the passage?

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