7) What are the different kinds of male mating strategies in Gelada baboons? One of the strategies is having a social system that is “one-male groups”. The baboons live in troops and the females are divided with one dominant male. The males are much bigger than the females and resemble a harem master. He engages in many battles to maintain his position. In a recent study, it was found that the males establish a long-term relationship with one or two females. This establishes a longer survival time and is a submissive strategy. PAGE 58 8) What are the alternative reproductive strategies in big horn sheep? Alternative reproductive strategies have been favored by the high costs of conventional machismo and male weaponry. Bighorns are known for their head-cracking duels in full power. The success in these battles gives the male control over a group of females. The bighorns must be able to withstand the powerful collisions. PAGE 58 9) What is the function of male cricket calls and why are they dangerous? The function is to attract females, establish territory, and compete against the other males in their love songs. This can be dangerous because predators can hear the cricket’s song and attract attention to the crickets. PAGE 59 & 60 10) In what kind of years are silent crickets favored over singing crickets? Silent crickets do not actively try to attract females; they sit like satellites near a singing male and attempt to intercept any females that are nearby. Singing may be favored in years when predators and parasites are uncommon and silence may be favored when predation and parasitism increase. PAGE 60 11) Natural selection is a straightforward principle that results from a few simple facts. What are these facts? The facts are population sizes are limited, the members of a population produce more offspring than the environment can support, and individuals vary genetically in their ability to survive and reproduce. PAGE 60 & 61
