lab 1 biological anthroplogy

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University of Louisville *

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207

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Lab 1 biological anthropology 1. What are the two fundamental ideas in anthropology The importance of context The use of a comparative approach 2. Which field of anthropology uses a wide range of data about living and past organisms to study human evolution Biological anthropology 3. What is biocultural approach in biological anthropology A way of studying human behavior and culture that recognizes the complex interplay between biology and sociocultural systems 4. Which subfield of biological anthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past Paleoanthropology 5. Which subfield of biological anthropology applies methods of skeletal analysis to study humans in a legal context Forensic anthropology 6. During which stage of the scientific method is the hypothesis evaluated Data collection 7. In the context of the scientific method what is the hypothesis? How is it different from a scientific theory? Hypothesis: A testable and specific prediction or explanation for a phenomenon, subject to empirical investigation. Scientific Theory: A well-substantiated and comprehensive explanation supported by extensive evidence, encompassing broader aspects of the natural world. The key difference is in scope and the level of empirical support.

8. Are scientific theories absolute truth? Why or why not? No, scientific theories are not absolute truth. They are the best explanations based on current evidence and are subject to revision or rejection as new evidence emerges or understanding evolves. 9. According to the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) code of ethics an anthropologist is primarily responsible to The primary responsibility of anthropologists is to the people, species, and materials they study as well as the people they partner with in their work Lab 1 exercise 2 Biological anthropologists have discovered a previously unknown fossil species. The species lived about 4.4 million years ago in Africa. The dating of this fossil species places it closer in time to the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees than most other known fossil species. This newly discovered species has an interesting mix of traits. For example, it has adaptations for climbing in trees as well as for walking on two legs on the ground. It does not directly resemble any of the living ape species, which suggests the living ape species (including humans) have each become adapted to their own environmental contexts over time. 1. Scenario A 2. What is the primary subfield of biological anthropology addressed in this research It would be paleoanthropology 3. How does this research relate to human evolution? In other words, what can we learn about human evolution from research along these lines This research provides insight into human evolution by revealing the timing, adaptations, and diversity within the hominin lineage 4. Which other scholarly disciplines outside anthropology do you think might be interested in this research? Why would they find this research relevant?

Disciplines such as paleoanthropology, evolutionary biology, geology, anatomy, morphology, environmental science, and genetics may find this research relevant. They would be interested due to contributions to understanding ancient life, evolutionary processes, geological context, physical characteristics, environmental adaptations, and genetic relationships Lab 1 exercise 4 Scenarios B (forensic anthropology) Previous research shows that, in humans, the pelvic opening tends to be wider in females than it is in males. 1. Generate a hypothesis about what causes the observed phenomena in the scenario The observed difference in pelvic opening between males and females in humans are likely due to adaptations to childbirth 2. Describe the type or types of data you would ideally collect to test this hypothesis Collect data on how wide hips are in men and women, check if women with wider hips tend to have easier childbirth 3. Describe what hypothetical data might support the hypothesis – for example “the hypothesis would be supported if we found data that indicated The hypothesis would be supported if data showed a significant correlation between wider pelvic openings in females and easier childbirth outcomes 4. Describe what hypothetical data might cause you to reject the hypothesis – for example, the hypothesis would be rejected if we found data that indicated The hypothesis would be rejected if data showed no significant correlation between pelvic width and childbirth outcomes

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