Music History Ch

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Southern Illinois University, Carbondale *

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357A

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Arts Humanities

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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3

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Imogen Perry MUS 357 Dr. Scroggins 11/12/2023 1. Compare and contrast the biographies and careers of J.S Bach and G.F Handel. What influences did their career paths have on the types of works they composed? Bach was an instrumentalist who wrote mostly for the church. This led to a lot of his vocal pieces being extremely hard to sing. Being an organist led to him really understanding and composing amazing fugues. Handel had been extremely influenced by music in Italy, so his style was very lyrical. He focused on vocal music, so his works were easier to sing in comparison to Bach’s. His Italian influences led to ritornellos and da capo arias in his works. In contrast to Bach, he wrote many oratorios for large choruses. 2. . 3. Using Bach's and Dietrich Buxtehude's settings of Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt, discuss the chorale prelude. How does Bach depict Adam's fall into sin, and how is this related to Baroque conversations of madrigalisms? The chorale itself is a reference to the fall of humanity into sin. The text of the chorales talks about God’s mercy. Bach’s melody was unembellished but Buxtehude’s melody had embellishment. Buxtehude used the bassline to communicate the fall of humanity with chromatic lines that ascended and descended. Bach used madrigalisms to depict this fall while using diminished sevenths to convey pain and suffering. The melody had lots of counterpoint. Bach had bass, too, but it was a complicated pedal bass.
4. Describe the contrapuntal procedure known as the fugue, including definitions of the following terms: subject, answer, countersubject, episode, stretto. The fugue consists of a main subject that comes in as the main melody of the piece. Then a second instrument comes in to play the exact same melody while the first voice changes the subject to the dominant key, called the answer. When the first voice returns to the melody, it is now the countersubject as it is in counterpoint. Then different ideas start to come in and this is the episode. Then all of the voices come back in on either the subject or answer, and overlap. This is called the stretto. 5. Describe the tempo and metrical characteristics of the following dances, as reflected in Johann Jacob Froberger’s suites: (a) allemande, (b) courante, © sarabande, (d) gigue. In what ways was Bach influenced by Froberger’s suites? All four of these dance suites utilize the same binary AABB form. An Allemande is in duple meter and has a slow moderate tempo. A Courante is in triple meter, has medium tempo and utilizes ornamental ideas such as hemiolas. The Sarabande is also in triple meter, but is a slower tempo that emphasizes the second beat of the measure. The Gigue is also triple meter and has a very fast tempo. These are usually folk dances that emphasize beat three. Bach would go on to follow this suite in his own music. 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. How do G. F. Handel's oratorios differ from those of his Italian predecessors? What features account for their popularity, both now and in his own time? Handel invented a new genre of opera in the 1730s known as the English
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