JUS212 Rational Choice Theory and Islamic Terrorism

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School

Grand Canyon University *

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Course

212

Subject

Arts Humanities

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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Rational Choice Theory and Islamic Terrorism Rachael English College of Humanities and social Sciences, Grand Canyon University JUS-212 Criminal behavior and victimology Professor Sween December 10, 2023

2 Islamic jihadist terrorism has been a subject of extensive analysis, with researchers seeking to understand the rationality behind the decisions made by individuals involved in these acts. This paper aims to synthesize insights from two critical articles, namely Perry and Hasisi (2015) and Caplan (2006), to provide a comprehensive examination of whether Islamic jihadist terrorists make deliberate, rational choices, the perceived pros and cons based on their religious ideology, and the contributions of rational choice theorists in explaining the ongoing "war on terrorism." Are Islamic Jihadist Terrorists Rational Rational Choice Theory posits that criminal behavior stems from rational decision- making processes. In the context of Islamic jihadist terrorism, individuals may be seen as making rational choices within the framework of their religious beliefs. The commitment and promises made to leaders in the Islamic faith parallel the choices made by followers in other religions, such as Christianity. Suicide bombers, according to Perry and Hasisi (2015), make deliberate, rational choices motivated by the teachings of their leaders, anticipating rewards that outweigh perceived costs. The comprehensive planning observed in terrorist attacks further supports the argument that Islamic terrorists are rational actors. By maximizing potential victims, they strategically plan attacks for maximum impact. This underscores the dynamic interaction between the anticipation of religious, personal, and social rewards, as highlighted by Perry and Hasisi (2015). Perceived Pros of Being an Islamic Terrorist Islamic jihadist terrorists are driven by religious convictions that promise substantial rewards for their actions. Primarily, the assurance of eternal paradise, deeply ingrained in religious teachings, entices believers who sacrifice for their faith with the promise of an afterlife

3 filled with bliss and rewards (Perry & Hasisi, 2015). Additionally, the prospect of absolution from past sins holds immense importance, driving potential terrorists to view acts of martyrdom as a means to cleanse their wrongdoings and achieve spiritual purity. Moreover, the belief in protection from death's torments and Hell motivates believers, as they see their actions as a route to paradise and a shield from death's agonies and Hell's punishments (Perry & Hasisi, 2015). This conviction of divine protection deeply resonates with those firmly devoted to their faith and the belief in an afterlife. Perceived Cons of Being an Islamic Terrorist Despite perceived religious rewards, Islamic jihadists face significant external consequences, notably the global perception of them as senseless murderers. Internally, within their religious beliefs, they justify their actions as righteous, but externally, the world sees them as perpetrators of heinous violence. Governments and societies consider them threats to peace, given their acts of mass violence, creating an undeniable stigma. This external condemnation contrasts sharply with the internal narrative, where jihadists view themselves as martyrs. The divergence between internal justifications and external condemnation creates a complex psychological and social dilemma, shaping the intricate landscape of their decisions and perceptions. Rational Choice and the War on Terrorism Western civilization often perceives Islamic terrorists as irrational threats due to the high number of casualties in their attacks. Caplan (2006) introduces the concept of responsiveness to incentives, emphasizing the rewards terrorists receive for their actions. While rational choice theorists argue that Islamic faith and practices are rational to followers, various types of irrationality contribute to the ongoing war on terrorism.

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