Literature Review

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Feb 20, 2024

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Literature Review Kimberly Freeman College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Grand Canyon University PSY 530: Social and Cultural Psychology Dr. Shelley Evans June 7, 2023 1

Addiction is something that has impacted families all over the world. Addiction is defined as a habit becoming uncontrollable (Addiction, 2023). However, traditionally speaking, addiction is the excessive use of a substance. These substances could be alcohol, prescription drugs, cigarettes, food, or even illegal drugs (Addiction, 2023). There are many different websites and articles that show how a person gets to this point in life. But what is the correlation between child abuse or neglect and becoming an addict as an adult? These articles will answer that question while also showing any gaps in research. Article 1 The name of this article is “The Link Between Child Abuse and Substance Abuse”. This article is good for my study because it talks about studies that have already been done. The article states that multiple epidemiological studies were previously done that prove experiencing abuse early in life increases the risk for substance abuse later. Long term studies were done that followed children who were abused up until they turned 24 (Kaliszewski, 2022). The results showed physical abuse within the first 5 years of life predicted substance abuse later in life (Kaliszewski, 2022). Adults who have been abused as children sometimes later in life choose to use drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism for dealing with their undealt with trauma (Kaliszewski, 2022). It is almost life this becomes a cycle. A parent who has a substance abuse problem will have a harder time functioning in a parenting role (Kaliszewski, 2022). The children they are raising could suffer from being parented by them later in life. Article 2 This article is titled “Does Childhood Adversity Lead to Drug Addiction in Adulthood? A Study of Serial Mediators Based on Resilience and Depression”. I chose this article because it discuses adverse childhood experiences and how they impact individuals into adulthood. 2

Adverse childhood experiences, also known as ACE’s, are stressful and or traumatic experiences that happen during childhood (NIH, 2022). According to a study, more than 60% of adults report having at least 1 ACE and 17% report four or more ACEs (NIH, 2022). Evidence has increased showing that ACEs put adults at a greater risk for diseases and disabilities (NIH, 2022). With that being said, individuals with adverse childhood experiences are 4-12 times more likely to abuse drugs (NIH, 2022). Not only could ACEs lead to drug use but also depression. When people experience negative emotions, it lowers their self-esteem and drugs tend to come into play as a way to cope. Article 3 The third chosen article is “Long-Term consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect”. This article states that for the year of 2011, it was reported that there were 676,569 children that were victims of child abuse or neglect (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). This article was important because it points out that not all children that have been abused or neglected will experience drug addiction, but they are highly susceptible (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). I related to this, because of how I was raised, and it is interesting to me how people can go through the same things but turn out completely different as an adult. This article also touches on the different ways child abuse and neglect impact n children physically, psychologically, behaviorally in society (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). Physical could be damage to brain growth and psychological damage could be cognitive delays or emotional difficulties (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). Being abused can lead to high-risk behaviors also leading to depression. Depression or anxiety could make a person likely to smoke, overeat, or abuse drugs or alcohol (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). These issues can lead to long term health problems. The federal government has invested in research on the causes and 3

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