Mus 32 Study Guide #2

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Santa Monica College *

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Arts Humanities

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Oct 30, 2023

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Homework/Study Guide #2 name Jeffrey Guzman Folk music - The music of the common people of a society or geographical area. (The common people.) Ethnic music - Music that is characteristic of a particular culture or group of people. (A common people.) The four broad classifications of folk instruments 1) Aerophones 2) Ideophones 3) Membranophones 4) Chordophones What are some possible characteristics (not instruments) of folk music 1 ) Lack of uniformity in performance 2) Unknown creators 3) Oral tradition 4) Improvisation 5) Subtleties of expression 6) Strong historical character or connection Middle Ages (dates)- (A.D. 476) (800) - 1450 Where were the centers of education and the educated? The monasteries, taught carpentry and weaving to peasants The three elements of emerging European civilization 1) Roman legacy 2) Germanic tribes 3) Christian churches 3 major developments in music 1) Development of pitch and rhythmic Notation 2) Development of Polyphony 3) Development of Motet Characteristics of sacred music 1) Monophonic 2) Unstressed meter 3) Unaccompanied Vocal 4) Movements by steps, smooth contour 5) Text in Latin 6) Religious subjects

Characteristics of secular music 1) Mono/homo/polyphonic 2) Strong rhythms, dance-like tunes 3) Instruments - lutes, recorders, bagpipes, bells 4) Melodic leaps 5) Text - vernacular 6) Courtly love, chivalry, news, propaganda Plainchant/plainsong/Gregorian chant - The liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church Mass - 1. The celebration of the holy communion 2. The musical setting of the Ordinary of the mass Ordinary - The parts of the mass that are ordinary regardless of the season ie: Kyrie, Credo, Gloria, Sanctus, Agnus Dei. Organum - The earliest genre of medieval polyphonic vocal music created by Leonin and Perotin Cantus firmus - A pre-existing melody that is used as a basis of polyphonic vocal work Motet - A sacred polyphonic composition for voices Drone - a low continuous sound that lasts throughout a piece of music. Troubadours/trouveres/minnesingers - Aristocratic poet-musicians of the middle ages. Jongleur - A medieval secular musician (wandering minstrel) Pope Gregory I - Reigned from 590-604 Codified liturgy and music Guido d’Arezzo - (991/992-1033) Creator of Solfeggio and Guido's Hand Hildegard of Bingen - (1098-1179)

1. Abbess 2. Theologian 3. Naturalist 4. Healer 5. Poet 6. Composer School of Notre Dame, Leonin, Perotin - Leonin – 1169 – 1201, Choir master Perotin – student of Leon Renaissance (dates) - 1450 - 1600 Humanism - an intellectual movement based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, study of the humanities, which included grammar rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. There was a renewed interest in and reexamination of the Greek and Roman cultures including art and literature. Other characteristics of the period? Regard for Human worth, individual ability, and achievement. Importance of the invention of The compass, gunpowder, movable type and the printing press in the 15th century Important developments and change in Renaissance music really came from Copernicus Who were the patrons of music in the Renaissance? The courts Where could music be heard ? Social gatherings In general the texture of music was polyphonic and complex Rhythmically what was the music like? Gently flowing Rhythmic but individual lines overlap continually. Rejection of isorhythm.

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