primary sources study 3
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P R I M A R Y S O U R C E S S T U D Y 3
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Primary Sources Study 3
Victoria Gonzalez
Professor Nancy Alenda Hillman
HUM213-GE-Humanities 1
California Baptist University
November 14
th
, 2023
P R I M A R Y S O U R C E S S T U D Y 3
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Read The Hymn to the Aten (please see the attached document). Please answer the
following questions: Which of the Aten's powers are glorified? Also, compare the hymn
with Psalm 104 of the Hebrew Bible.
The powers of Aten's which are glorified include driving away the shroud of darkness, the
creation of seed in women, the supplying of necessities and food, and the creation of seasons.
Specifically, it is said the Aten "drives away the darkness and gives thy rays", is the "creator of
seed in women, thou who makes fluid into man", the he "supplies their necessities: Everyone has
his food", and the he "makes the seasons in order to rear all that thou hast made" ('The Hymn to
the Aton', n.d.). In comparison to Psalm 104, there are similarities, in how both are thematically
written. Both The Hymn to the Aten and Psalm 104 glorify and worship a power greater
themselves, telling of all their greatness and all that they have made and done for the people. For
example, Psalm 104 states "who lays the beams of Thine upper chambers in the waters, who
makes the clouds Thy chariot", much like that of The Hymn to the Aten's "drives away the
darkness and gives thy rays".
Read the selection from the Iliad (please see the attached document): Please answer the
following question: How would you describe the personality of Achilles?
I would describe the personality of Achilles to be warmhearted/caring/loving, vengeful but
smart-thinking and calm, and empathetic. Achilles is seen to be warmhearted/caring/loving when
he expressed great grief over the death of his comrade Patroclus, telling of how he loved him as
if he was his own life, and of his own father, who Priam reminded him of. Achilles is seen to be
vengeful by smart-thinking and calm when he forces back his anguish and fury over Patroclus's
death and decides he will face his fate of death and face Hector head-on. And lastly, Achilles is
seen to be empathetic when he comes faces-to-face with Priam, the father of Hector, who tells
P R I M A R Y S O U R C E S S T U D Y 3
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Achilles of his many sons and how they were all killed. Priam asks Achilles for his son's body in
exchange for a priceless ransom to which Achilles accepts through his own grief of his own
father and Patroclus.
In lines 229-238 of the Iliad, what is the attitude about human life and the involvement of
the gods in the lives of humans (see also lines 71-74)?
In lines 229-238 of the Iliad, Achilles describe the lives of humans to be "spun" by the immortals
and "we wretched men live on the bear such torments" while the gods live free of sorrows.
Achilles is saying that the gods push their torments onto humans so that they can live free of
them. Achilles goes on to state that there are two great jars, one filled with miseries, and one with
blessings, but Zeus only dispenses gifts from the jar of sorrows. This in turn makes a man an
outcast, cursed by both gods and men. This is further reiterated from Thetis who says to Achilles,
"you're doomed to a short life".
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